Table 1.
List of enzymes identified in proteomic studies that have an antioxidant activity.
| Process | Proteins | Genes | Accession numbers | Antioxidant functions | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ROS scavenging | Catalase | CAT | P04040 | H2O2 detoxification | (32) |
| Lactoperoxidase | LPO | P22079 | H2O2 detoxification, hypothiocyanous ion synthesis | (36) | |
| Myeloperoxidase | MPO | P05164 | H2O2 detoxification, hypothiocyanous ion synthesis | (36) | |
| Peroxiredoxins, isoforms 1 to 6 | PRDX1 to PRDX6 | Q06830, P32119, P30048, Q13162, P30044, P30041 | Peroxides detoxification | (53) | |
| Superoxide dismutases, isoforms 1 to 3 | SOD1, SOD2, SOD3 | P00441, P04179, P08294 | Superoxide radical dismutation | (30) | |
| Redox maintenance and GSH-dependent enzymes | Glutaredoxins, isoforms 1, 3, and 5 | GLRX, GLRX3, GLRX5 | P35754, O76003, Q86SX6 | Reduction of glutathionylated proteins | (53) |
| Glutathione peroxidases, isoforms 1, 3, and 4 | GPX1, GPX3, GPX4 | P07203, P22352, P36969 | Glutathione-dependent peroxides detoxification | (53) | |
| Glutathione reductase | GSR | P00390 | Glutathione regeneration | (53) | |
| Glutathione transferases, isoforms from classes alpha, pi, mu, theta, and omega | GSTA1, GSTA4, GSTP1, GSTM1, GSTM2, GSTM4, GSTT1, GSTT2, GSTO1 | P08263, O15217, P09211, P09488, P28161, Q03013, P30711, P0CG29, P78417 | Xenobiotic detoxification, glutathione-dependent peroxides detoxification, ascorbate regeneration | (157) | |
| Methionine sulfoxide reductase A | MSRA | Q9UJ68 | Reduction of methionine-sulfoxide in proteins | (58) | |
| Protein disulfide-isomerases | PDIA3, PDIA4, PDIA6, P4HB | P30101, P13667, Q15084, P07237 | Disulfide bond formation | (53) | |
| Sulfhydryl oxidase | QSOX1 | O00391 | Disulfide bond formation | (53) | |
| Thioredoxin reductase | TXNRD1 | Q16881 | Dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions | (53) | |
| Thioredoxins, isoforms 1 and 2 | TXN, TXN2 | P10599, Q99757 | Dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions | (53) | |
| Metal binding | Albumin | ALB | P02768 | Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Zn binding | (158) |
| Ceruloplasmin | CP | P00450 | Fe, Cu binding | (159) | |
| Histatins, isoforms 1 and 3 | HTN1, HTN3 | P15515, P15516 | Cu, Fe binding | (61) | |
| Lactotransferrin | LTF | P02788 | Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn binding | (160) | |
| Melanotransferrin | MELTF | P08582 | Fe binding | (161) | |
| Serotransferrin | TF | P02787 | Fe binding | (162) |