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. 2021 Jan 28;11:618992. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.618992

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Copyright © 2021 Song, Zhu, Xu, Liu, Fang, Zhang, Ding, Hu and Lu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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LPS induces dopaminergic neurons loss and glial activation in the SNc of mice. (A) WT mice were made LPS-induced PD models by bilaterally microinjection of 0.5 μg LPS in 1 μl saline into the unilateral SNc. mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes were analyzed by RT-PCR. (B) Immunofluorescent staining of TH⁺ neurons in the SNc. (C) Immunofluorescent staining of GFAP in the SNc. (D) Immunofluorescent staining of Iba-1 in the SNc. (E) Protein levels of TH, GFAP and Iba-1 in brain lysates were analyzed by immunoblot analysis. (F) Densitometric analysis of TH, GFAP and Iba-1. (G) Expression of C3 in brain lysates was analyzed by immunoblot analysis. (H) Densitometric analysis of C3. Data are analyzed by unpaired Student’s test. ^* p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 vs. the saline group. Values are presented as means ± SEM from three independent experiments.