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. 2021 Jan 28;10:596023. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.596023

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) persistence and proliferation occurs during a dampened neutrophil reactive oxygen species (ROS) response. (A) Association of fluorescent GAS strains with human neutrophils (PMNs, n=6 donors), analysed via flow cytometry ( Figures S1A, B ). (B) Infection of human neutrophils with GAS invokes ROS production. Representative of triplicate measurements from three separate experiments (n=3 donors), shown as mean change in fluorescence units over time (ΔF.min-1). GAS strains were incubated in the presence of (C) human neutrophils (n=8 donors) or (D) lysed human neutrophils (n=4 donors) over 180 min with surviving bacterial concentration determined as percentage of inoculum. Results are the pooled means ± SD (of triplicate measurements for panels C, D). Two-way ANOVA ‘p’ values represent interaction (treatment*time) where post-hoc analysis was performed using the Holm-Šídák approach. **p < 0.01 and ****p < 0.0001.