Table 10.
Antibacterial zinc and zinc alloys.
| Alloy system | Bacteria (antibacterial rate[Ref.]) |
|---|---|
| Pure Zn |
S. aureus (a 72.36%- >98.1% [316,317],b 0.0 ± 0.3 mm [314],b 6.19 ± 0.42 mm [318]); E. coli (a 5%- >98.1% [[315], [316], [317]]); Streptococcus gordonii (a about 64% for 12 h incubation [319]) Mixed oral bacteria (a about 65% for 12 h incubation [319]) |
| Zn-0.5Al | E. coli (b 1.9 ± 0.1 mm [320]) |
| Zn-0.8Mn | E. coli (a 81.3% [321]) |
| Zn-xCu (x = 1–4 wt%) |
S. aureus (a 81.86% [316],b 0.5 ± 0.4mm-3.5 ± 0.2 mm [314];c [322]); E. coli (a 88.77% [316]) |
| Zn-xAg (x = 1–4 wt%) |
E. coli (a 58.9%–100% [315]); S. gordoniic,d [323] |
| Zn-0.05 Mg | E. coli and S. aureus (a > 98.1% against both bacteria [317]) |
| Zn-0.8Mn-0.4Cu/Ag/Ca | E. coli (a 93.7%,a 91.8%,a 84.5%, respectively [321]) |
| Zn-xCu-yFe (x = 0.5, 3 wt%) |
S. aureus (a 90.17%–93.60% [316]); E. coli (a 92.99%–96.46% [316]) Streptococcus gordonii (a about 76% for 12 h incubation [319]) Mixed oral bacteria (a about 84% for 12 h incubation [319]) |
| Zn–1Cu-0.1Ti | S. aureus (b 6.19 ± 0.42 mm-6.99 ± 0.33 mm [318]) |
| Zn-0.5Al-xMg (x = 0.1–0.5 wt%) | E. coli (b 3.3 ± 0.2mm-6.3 ± 0.2 mm [320]) |
Note: 24 h incubation as default.
a
Measured by the plate count method.
b
Measured by the Agar diffusion plate test.
c
Measured by Live/Dead staining.
d
Measured by crystal violet staining.