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. 2021 Feb 8;6(8):2569–2612. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.030

Table 15.

In vivo results of antibacterial pure magnesium and magnesium alloy.

Year Metal and alloy Animal model (position) Co-cultured with bacterial In vivo results [Ref.]
2014 Mg Sprague Dawley rats (right femur cavities) Mg implants precultured with MRSA (106 CFU/mL) with an OD600 of 0.1 for 24 h
  • 1)

    Mg inhibited the growth of MRSA on the surface of Mg nails and bone tissue.

  • 2)

    Mg protected bone and surrounding tissues from MRSA infection

 [351]
2015 Mg Balb/c mice (lower tail artery) Mg implants precultured in a 1 mL suspension of P. aeruginosa culture with an OD600 of 0.1 for 5 min. Mg implants showed an enhanced resistance to bacterial colonization. [352]
2015 Mg–Nb–Zn–Zr Sprague Dawley rats S. aureus in a concentration of 105 CFU/mL was injected into the implant position.
  • 1)

    Mg–Nb–Zn–Zr could reduce the risk of implant-related infection compared with Mg and Ti.

  • 2)

    Mg–Nb–Zn–Zr had a small amount of gas in the medullary cavity, mild medullary cavity swelling deformation and unconspicuous reconstruction of cortical bone compared with Mg.

 [355]
2016 Mg Sprague Dawley rats (femoral medullary cavity) 50 μl bacterial suspension of MRSA was injected into the implant position.
  • 1)

    Mg showed inadequate antibacterial effect against MRSA in vivo compared with in vitro.

  • 2)

    Obvious bone infections, numerous cavities and destruction of the cortical bone as well as inflammatory cells were observed after 2 and 4 weeks implantation.

 [350]
2016 Mg murine 5 μl bacterial suspension was injected into the implant position. Bacterial agglomerates could be detected on the implant surface and peri-implant tissue. [379]
2016 Mg-0.25Cu New Zealand White rabbits (proximal tibial metaphysis) 0.15 mL of 5% morrhuate sodium was injected into the implant position.
  • 1)

    Mg-0.25Cu alloy reduced MRSA-induced osteomyelitis infection in vivo compared with Ti.

  • 2)

    No microscopic differences in the various organs of rabbits implanted with Mg-0.25Cu nails, and no obvious deposition of Cu2+ or Mg2+ ion complexes were observed in their organs and tissues.

 [72]
2018 AZ91 Long-Evans rats (humeral head) 105 CFU (0.1 cc) of A. baumannii was injected into the implant position. No significant differences in the antibacterial activity from the cp-Ti and AZ91 implants after a week implantation. [361]