Table 19.

Cu or Ag ions release concentration Cu or Ag ions release concentration and related antibacterial properties from reported antibacterial alloy.

Ion release concentration	The immersion solution	Antibacterial (%)	Bacteria	ref
22.5 ppb Cu	0.9% NaCl	98.3	S. aureus	[216]
11.5 ± 4.7 ppb Cu	artificial seawater	33.1	P. aeruginosa	[224]
25.7 ± 7.1 ppb Cu		56.0
37.8 ± 8.9 ppb Cu		70.3
1000 ppb Cu	supernatant of media cultured	>90	E. coli; S. aureus	[214]
2.0 ppb Cu	tap water	40	microorganism	[208]
7.1 ppb Cu		95.9
8.1 ppb Cu		75
about 4 ppb Ag	0.9% NaCl	<21	S. aureus	[74]
0.63 ppb Ag	0.9% NaCl	38.0	S. aureus	[71]
29.657 ± 3.926 ppb Ag	antibacterial test solution
0.78 ppb Ag	0.9% NaCl	57.0
36.519 ± 3.340 ppb Ag	antibacterial test solution
1.06 ppb Ag	0.9% NaCl	67
49.961 ± 8.081 ppb Ag	antibacterial test solution
1 day: < 5 ppb, 7 day: 105 ppb	0.9% NaCl	99.9	S. aureus	[105]

Note: The default antibacterial method is the plate counting method for one day.