Table 2. Trends of Patient Demographic Characteristics and Comorbidities From 2010 to 2017 for Primary Heart Failure Hospitalizations.
| Characteristic | Year, % (95% CI) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | |
| Total No. | 1 017 475 | 985 034 | 957 509 | 962 819 | 994 099 | 1 057 652 | 1 090 348 | 1 208 334 |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 72.5 (13.4) | 72.5 (13.4) | 72.4 (13.3) | 72.3 (13.9) | 72.2 (14.2) | 72.0 (15.2) | 71.7 (15.2) | 71.6 (15.4) |
| Female | 50.3 (49.7-50.8) | 49.9 (49.4-50.5) | 49.4 (48.9-49.9) | 48.8 (48.4-49.1) | 48.6 (48.2-48.9) | 48.3 (48.0-48.6) | 48.3 (48.0-48.6) | 47.9 (47.6-48.1) |
| Payer status | ||||||||
| Medicare | 75.8 (74.9-76.8) | 76.2 (75.2-77.0) | 76.3 (75.3-77.3) | 76.1 (75.3-76.8) | 75.7 (74.9-76.5) | 75.5 (74.8-76.2) | 75.2 (74.5-76.0) | 75.6 (75.0-76.2) |
| Medicaid | 8.2 (7.6-8.7) | 8.2 (7.6-8.8) | 8.1 (7.6-8.8) | 8.3 (7.8-8.8) | 9.4 (8.9-10.0) | 9.7 (9.2-10.2) | 10.3 (9.8-10.8) | 10.2 (9.8-10.7) |
| Private | 10.9 (10.5-11.4) | 10.5 (10.1-11.0) | 10.1 (9.7-10.7) | 9.9 (9.5-10.4) | 10.1 (9.7-10.5) | 10.2 (9.8-10.7) | 10.0 (9.6-10.3) | 9.8 (9.5-10.1) |
| Self-pay | 2.8 (2.6-3.1) | 2.7 (2.5-3.0) | 2.8 (2.5-3.1) | 3.0 (2.9-3.3) | 2.6 (2.4-2.8) | 2.4 (2.1-2.6) | 2.2 (2.1-2.5) | 2.2 (2.0-2.3) |
| No-charge | 0.3 (0.2-0.4) | 0.3 (0.2-0.4) | 0.3 (0.2-0.3) | 0.4 (0.3-0.5) | 0.3 (0.3-0.5) | 0.3 (0.2-0.4) | 0.3 (0.2-0.4) | 0.3 (0.2-0.3) |
| Other | 2.0 (1.8-2.2) | 2.1 (1.9-2.4) | 2.4 (2.1-2.6) | 2.3 (2.1-2.5) | 1.9 (1.7-2.1) | 1.9 (1.7-2.1) | 2.0 (1.7-2.3) | 1.9 (1.8-2.1) |
| Median household income quartile | ||||||||
| 1st | 36.0 (34.0-38.0) | 36.7 (34.7-38.7) | 36.5 (34.6-38.5) | 32.9 (31.2-34.5) | 32.4 (30.8-34.1) | 34.9 (33.3-36.6) | 34.5 (32.9-36.2) | 34.9 (33.9-36.4) |
| 2nd | 24.7 (23.5-25.9) | 24.0 (22.8-25.1) | 24.3 (23.2-25.4) | 27.1 (26.1-28.2) | 27.3 (26.3-28.4) | 25.2 (24.2-26.2) | 26.1 (25.1-27.2) | 27.8 (26.9-28.8) |
| 3rd | 21.4 (20.2-22.6) | 22.4 (21.3-23.6) | 21.4 (20.3-22.5) | 22.4 (21.5-23.4) | 21.7 (20.8-22.7) | 22.9 (21.9-23.9) | 23.1 (22.1-24.1) | 21.9 (21.0-22.9) |
| 4th | 17.9 (16.5-19.4) | 16.9 (15.5-18.5) | 17.8 (16.3-19.3) | 17.6 (16.2-19.0) | 18.6 (17.1-20.0) | 17.0 (15.7-18.4) | 16.3 (15.0-17.6) | 15.4 (14.3-16.5) |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 76.5 (75.9-77.1) | 77.5 (76.9-78.1) | 78.7 (78.0-79.3) | 79.6 (79.0-80.2) | 81.3 (80.8-81.9) | 83.4 (82.9-83.8) | 86.6 (86.1-87.0) | 91.4 (91.1-91.7) |
| Diabetes | 44.9 (44.4-45.5) | 45.2 (44.7-45.7) | 45.5 (45.0-46.1) | 46.3 (45.9-46.7) | 47.2 (46.8-47.7) | 47.6 (47.2-48.0) | 47.1 (46.6-47.6) | 48.9 (48.4-49.3) |
| Lipid disorders | 40.4 (39.5-41.3) | 42.1 (41.2-43.0) | 43.7 (42.8-44.7) | 46.2 (45.4-47.0) | 48.2 (47.4-49.0) | 50.2 (49.5-50.9) | 51.6 (50.7-52.5) | 53.1 (52.4-53.9) |
| CAD | 54.3 (53.5-55.0) | 53.7 (52.9-54.4) | 54.1 (53.3-54.8) | 54.0 (53.4-54.7) | 54.0 (53.4-54.7) | 54.3 (53.7-54.8) | 54.1 (53.5-54.6) | 54.1 (53.6-54.7) |
| COPD | 29.7 (29.2-30.3) | 29.9 (29.3-30.4) | 30.3 (29.7-30.9) | 30.3 (29.8-30.7) | 30.2 (29.7-30.7) | 31.3 (30.9-31.8) | 34.7 (34.2-35.2) | 35.4 (35.0-35.9) |
| Renal disease | 45.9 (45.1-46.6) | 47.3 (46.6-48.1) | 48.9 (48.2-49.7) | 52.5 (51.9-53.1) | 54.4 (53.8-55.0) | 55.8 (55.3-56.3) | 57.7 (57.2-58.2) | 60.6 (60.1-61.0) |
Abbreviations: CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.