Table 1.

Demographic data of patients on admission.

	Total (n = 257)	Non-deterioration (n = 208)	Deterioration (n = 49)	p Value
Age, years	46 ± 17	43 ± 16	60 ± 13)	<.001**
Sex
Male	140 (54)	111 (43)	29 (11)	.462
Length of stay	18 ± 10	17 ± 8	25 ± 16	<.001**
Current smoker	27 (10.5)	21 (10.1)	6 (12.2)	.659
Signs and symptoms at admission
Cough	138 (63.7)	106 (51)	32 (65.3)	.07
Sputum	81 (31.5)	61 (29.3)	20 (40.8)	.119
Myalgia	93 (36.2)	61 (29.3)	32 (65.3)	<.001**
Headache	34 (13.2)	25 (12)	9 (18.4)	.238
Rhinorrhea	17 (6.6)	13 (6.3)	4 (8.2)	.748
Dyspnea	43 (16.7)	25 (12)	18 (36.7)	<.001**
Comorbidity
Hypertension	53 (20.6)	33 (15.9)	20 (40.8)	<.001**
Diabetes	15 (5.8)	9 (4.3)	6 (12.2)	.045*
Coronary heart disease	16 (6.2)	10 (4.8)	6 (12.2)	.091
Cerebrovascular disease	8 (3.1)	5 (2.4)	3 (6.1)	.18
Chronic obstructive lung disease	2 (0.8)	1 (0.5)	1 (2)	.346
Carcinoma	6 (2.3)	3 (1.4)	3 (6.1)	.085
Chronic kidney disease	4 (1.6)	2 (1)	2 (4.1)	.165
Hepatitis B	12 (4.7)	9 (4.3)	3 (6.1)	.705
Tuberculosis	3 (1.2)	3 (1.4)	0	1
Medical history
ACEI/ARB	26 (10.1)	16 (7.7)	10 (20.4)	.008*
CCB	32 (12.5)	21 (10.1)	11 (22.4)	.018*
Diuretic	3 (1.2)	2 (1)	1 (2)	.471
β-blocker	15 (5.8)	11 (5.3)	4 (8.2)	.496
Metformin	9 (3.5)	5 (2.4)	4 (8.2)	.07
Vital signs at admission
Respiratory rate	19 ± 2	19 ± 2	20 ± 2	<.001**
Fever (temperature ≥ 37.3 °C)	156 (60.7)	116 (55.8)	40 (81.6)	<.001**
Pulse, beats per min	86 ± 13	86 ± 13	87 ± 14	.65
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	126 ± 18	124 ± 17	135 ± 19	.001**
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	82 ± 11	82 ± 10	83 ± 14	.29

Summary statistics are means ± SD or n (%). p Values were calculated by Mann–Whitney U test, χ² test, or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate.

Abbreviations. ACEI, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, Angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB, Calcium channel blocker.

*p ≤ .05; **p ≤ .001.