Table 3.
Duration of hospital stay, chest radiography, mechanical ventilation characteristics and intervention.
| Standard care | Add-on enoximone | p value MW (one tailed) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subject number | A* | B* | C* | 1# | 2# | 3# | 4# | |
| Age (years) | 71 | 55 | 63 | 46 | 54 | 70 (COPD Gold III) | 55 (COPD) | |
| Gender | Male | Female | Male | Male | Female | Female | Female | |
| Days from onset to (date) HA (Hospital Admission)/to (date) ICU admission [i] | 14 28-03 HA 04-04 ICU |
7 05-04 HA 07-04 ICU |
7 06-04 HA 08-04 ICU |
5 08-05 HA 17-05 ICU |
7 20-05 HA 24-05 ICU |
5 19-05 HA (readmission; 08-12/05 prev. admission for COPD (SARS-CoV-2 neg)) 24-05 ICU |
11 05-07 HA 08-07 ICU |
|
| Days at hospital before ICU [ii] | 7 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 3 | ns |
| Days at ICU [iii] | 12 | 13 | 31 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 5 | p0.05 |
| Days mechanical ventilation [x] | 8 | 10 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | p0.05 |
| Days at hospital after ICU [iv] | 6 | 7 | 13 | 3 | 4 | – | 7 | ns |
| Date of discharge hosp. | 22-04-2020 | 27-04-2020 | 22-05-2020 | 22-05-2020 | 02-06-2020 | ---** | 20-07-2020 | |
| Total days in hosp. [=ii + iii + iv] | 25 | 22 | 46 | 14 | 13 | ---** | 15 | p≤0.05 |
| Total duration of disease (onset-discharge) [=i + ii + iii + iv) |
39 | 29 | 53 (to rehab facility) |
19 | 20 | ---** | 26 (to transition ward) |
p0.05 |
| Chest radiography findings | CAT-scan: No embolus. Bilateral spotty consolida-tions. Viral pneumonia | CAT-scan: No embolus, bi-lateral spotty infiltrations, some emphysema | CAT-scan: Embolus in left lower lobe and small one right mediobasal. Infiltrations predominantly in upper lobes. Spotty infiltrations compatible with COVD-19 | Cat-scan: No embolus. Bi-lateral ground glass, notably lower lobes, right lower lobe consolidated | CAT-scan: Disseminated infiltrations and spotty consolidations | Chest X-Ray: Diffuse bilateral infiltrations | CAT-scan: Embolus right lower lobe + small embolus more peripherally. Centrilobular emphysema. Infiltrations and fibrosis consistent with COVID-19 in both upper lobes. | |
| Intervention 1st day of ICU admission | Chloroquine (continued from COVID ward) | Chloroquine (continued from COVID ward) | Chloroquine (continued from COVID ward) | Enoximone | Enoximone | Enoximone | Enoximone Remdesivir on 10-07 (for 5 days) | |
| vv-ECMO (days) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Specific characteristics of mechanical ventilation | PCV followed by assist ventilation | PCV followed by assist ventilation | PCV followed by assist ventilation | Optiflow™ started at 45% oxygen and 60 L flow | Optiflow™ started at 100% oxygen and 50 L flow | Optiflow™ started at 100% oxygen and 60 L flow |
Optiflow™ started at 55% oxygen and 60 L flow | |
| Plateau pressure (cm H2O) | 26 | 24 | 26 | − | − | − | − | |
| PEEP (cm H2O) | 14 | 10 | 10 | − | − | − | − | |
| Compliance (ml/cmH2O) | 34 | 30.1 | 28.6 | − | − | − | − | |
| Prone position | + | + | + | − | + (without help) | − | − | |
| Inhaled pulmonary vasodilators | − | − | + | − | − | − | + | |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | |
| Echocardiogram completed | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | |
| Echocardiogram showing new left ventricular dysfunction | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | |
| Neuromuscular blockade | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | |
| Vasopressors | − | + | + | − | − | − | + | |
| Renal replacement therapy | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | |
Abbreviations: – vv-ECMO : veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation – date HA : Hospital Admission - PCV: Pressure Controlled Ventilation.
*
= conventional treatment only (pts A-C); #= add on-enoximone (pts number 1-4).
**
Patient 3# passed away on 26-05-2020, according to her own wishes. Used medication: formoterol 12-24 mcg/d, ipratropium 250 mcg up to 6 x dd, salbutamol 100 mcg up to 4 x dd, ceftriaxone 2000 mg 1 x dd, morphine up to 6 x dd 5 mg subcutaneously.