Fig. 6.

Distinguishable ruminal resistome between high- and low-milk protein yield dairy cows. a The clustering of ARGs obtained from dairy cows with high and low milk protein yield based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. b Biplot of the redundancy analysis showed relationships between ARGs and milk protein content (MP), milk yield (MY), and milk protein yield (MPY). The top 10 most abundant ARGs were used in this analysis and are indicated by green arrows. c Significantly different ARGs categorized by antimicrobial classes. Each antimicrobial class was represented by an individual colour in the external circle of the plot. The numbers of significantly higher ARGs in each group belonging to each antimicrobial class are shown in the plot. ARGs: antimicrobial resistance genes