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Joint Angles at IC |
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Ankle plantarflexion angle at IC [°] |
33.2(6.5) |
34.2(4.8) |
31.2(7.7) |
21.2(10.1) |
25.4(5.6) |
24.5(11. 8) |
Knee flexion angle at IC [°] |
14.0(5.4) |
14.1(6.8) |
15.7(6.4) |
17.9(4.6) |
20.5(4.8) |
19.4(6.4) |
Knee add/abduction angle at IC [°] |
-2.7(2.4) |
-2.5(3.0) |
-2.9(2.8) |
2.2(2.6) |
3.3(1.7) |
2.9(3.3) |
Hip flexion angle at IC [°] |
16.4(5.6) |
17.1(4.6) |
18.4(6.2) |
22.6(6.6) |
24.1(6.9) |
24.7(10.4) |
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Peak Joint Angles |
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Peak ankle dorsiflexion angle [°] |
15.2(8.2) |
23.2(6.8) |
18.6(5.1) |
19.0(6.5) |
24.6(8.7) |
21.2(5.6) |
Peak knee flexion angle [°] |
66.0(9.4) |
81.9(15.4) |
75.5(12.4) |
76.6(13.3) |
93.6(18.5) |
86.2(16.8) |
Peak knee abduction angle [°] |
9.9(3.9) |
11.3(4.9) |
11.4(4.8) |
1.3(3.5) |
0.7(4.3) |
0.7(3.6) |
Peak hip flexion angle [°] |
41.9(9.0 |
49.9(13.1 |
49.7(14.6 |
54.8(12.2 |
64.4(18.5) |
59.1(20.6) |
Peak hip abduction angle [°] |
8.7(3.3) |
9.8(4.5) |
4.8(7.6) |
11.6(3.7) |
10.1(4.9) |
10.4(4.3) |
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Peak Joint Moments |
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Peak ankle plantarflexion moment [Nm/kg] |
1.66(0.29) |
1.58(0.36) |
1.52(0.55) |
1.68(0.55) |
1.55(0.38) |
1.59(0.57) |
Peak knee extension moment [Nm/kg] |
3.02(0.18) |
2.77(0.49) |
3.00(0.47) |
2.74(0.82) |
2.64(0.42) |
2.61(0.31) |
Peak knee adduction moment [Nm/kg] |
0.54(0.20) |
0.49(0.23) |
0.48(0.27) |
0.42(0.19) |
0.43(0.25) |
0.37(0.26) |
Peak hip extension moment [Nm/kg] |
2.78(0.44) |
2.15(0.52) |
2.43(0.62) |
2.86(0.59) |
2.35(0.55) |
2.70(0.63) |
Peak hip abduction moment [Nm/kg] |
0.38(0.23) |
0.35(0.11) |
0.28(0.13) |
0.77(0.39) |
0.57(0.26) |
0.54(0.31) |
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Peak Joint Power |
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Peak ankle plantarflexion power [W/kg] |
19.6(3.2) |
20.1(3.8) |
17.2(6.6) |
13.2(7.6) |
13.7(5.6) |
14.6(8.3) |
Peak knee extension power [W/kg] |
32.7(3.8) |
31.2(7.2) |
33.2(5.2) |
27.0(9.2) |
26.7(3.1) |
25.9(4.3) |
Peak hip extension power [W/kg] |
22.6(6.4) |
19.3(9.7) |
21.3(10.2) |
25.8(8.1) |
21.2(8.5) |
23.2(8.6) |
Joint Stiffness |
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Knee joint stiffness [Nm·degree-1/kg] |
4.07(0.35) |
3.39(0.61) |
3.91(0.93) |
3.66(1.17) |
3.08(0.72) |
3.19(0.47) |
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IC denotes initial contact. |
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