Figure 6.

Biomarker detection via microneedles. (a) Swellable microneedles absorb skin interstitial fluid, and biomarkers are recovered by centrifugation. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [69], copyright 2017, Wiley-VCH. (b) Coating microneedles absorb skin interstitial fluid and detect specific immune cells. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [3], copyright 2018, American Association for the Advancement of Science. (c) Encoded microneedles specifically capture biomarkers and are decoded by fluorescence signals. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [70], copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH.