Figure 6.

Novel in vitro human models for drug screening and testing applications. (A) 3D map image of the colorectal tumor-on-a-chip system features (top) and schematic of the chip design and culture setup (bottom). Adapted from Carvalho et al. (2019) under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial license. (B) Schematic illustration of a BBB-on-a-chip platform and assembly steps (top left), image of the assembled device (top right), cross-section of the assembled platform (middle), and zoom-in panel illustrating the device and cell culture setup (bottom). Reproduced from Wang et al. (2017). (C) Design of the human WAT-on-a-chip confocal image of the tissue construct generated in the device. Reproduced from Rogal et al. (2020) under the Creative Commons CC BY license. (D) Design and photographs of a first pass multi-organ chip system (top) and diagram of the fluidic coupling of the gut, liver, and kidney chips, containing vasculature compartments, and of the arteriovenous (AV) reservoir via an automated liquid handling instrument. Reproduced from Herland et al. (2020). (E) Schematic representation of the four organ systems used for the functional coupling of a human microphysiology system: intestine, liver, vascularized kidney, and BBB, including the neurovascular unit. Reproduced from Vernetti et al. (2017) under the Creative Commons Attribution International License.