Geometric mean ± SD adhesion molecule levels by primary outcome (PO, glycemic failure) status (No PO = black, PO = gray) over 36 months for intracellular adhesion marker (ICAM), vascular cell adhesion marker (VCAM), E-Selectin, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Participants who reached the PO of glycemic failure by the end of Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescent and Youth (TODAY) had significantly higher E-selectin compared with participants who maintained glycemic control across throughout the study (P < .0001). There were no significant differences in the circulating levels of ICAM, VCAM, or MCP-1 related to treatment failure