Table 1. Socio-demographic data, health status, clinical practice, changes after enforcement of lockdown and COVID status of all dental practitioners.
| All included dentists (n = 4172) | No test performed (n = 3973) | Tested Negative (n = 120) | Tested Positive (n = 79) | p-value (1) | No COVID-19-related clinical phenotypes (n = 3546) | COVID-19-related clinical phenotypes (n = 626) | p-value (2) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | ||||||||
| Age, years | 44.00 [34.00, 55.00] | 44.00 [34.00, 55.00] | 43.00 [35.00, 54.00] | 44.00 [36.00, 53.00] | 0.515* | 44.00 [35.00, 55.75] | 41.00 [34.00, 52.00] | <0.001# |
| Male gender | 1791 (42.9) | 1710 (43.0) | 44 (36.7) | 37 (46.8) | 0.296 | 1560 (44.0) | 231 (36.9) | 0.001 |
| ≥ 1 child | 1853 (44.4) | 44 (36.7) | 1780 (44.8) | 29 (36.7) | 0.08 | 1580 (44.6) | 273 (43.6) | 0.692 |
| Medical Conditions | ||||||||
| Current pregancy | 79 (1.9) | 75 (1.9) | 2 (1.7) | 2 (2.5) | 0.902 | 68 (1.9) | 11 (1.8) | 0.91 |
| Current Smoking | 372 (8.9) | 358 (9.0) | 7 (5.8) | 7 (8.9) | 0.485 | 314 (8.9) | 58 (9.3) | 0.798 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Allergies | 31 (0.7) | 27 (0.7) | 2 (1.7) | 2 (2.5) | 0.081 | 24 (0.7) | 7 (1.1) | 0.351 |
| Diabetes | 70 (1.7) | 69 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.3) | 0.331 | 62 (1.7) | 8 (1.3) | 0.499 |
| Hypertension | 270 (6.5) | 255 (6.4) | 7 (5.8) | 8 (10.1) | 0.398 | 233 (6.6) | 37 (5.9) | 0.595 |
| Cardiopathies | 120 (2.9) | 114 (2.9) | 4 (3.3) | 2 (2.5) | 0.94 | 104 (2.9) | 16 (2.6) | 0.696 |
| COPD | 156 (3.7) | 145 (3.6) | 9 (7.5) | 2 (2.5) | 0.077 | 122 (3.4) | 34 (5.4) | 0.021 |
| CKD | 18 (0.4) | 15 (0.4) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (2.5) | 0.012 | 14 (0.4) | 4 (0.6) | 0.597 |
| Malignancies | 93 (2.2) | 91 (2.3) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.3) | 0.478 | 84 (2.4) | 9 (1.4) | 0.191 |
| Obesity | 97 (2.3) | 88 (2.2) | 4 (3.3) | 5 (6.3) | 0.042 | 81 (2.3) | 16 (2.6) | 0.786 |
| ID | 47 (1.1) | 45 (1.1) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.3) | 0.948 | 37 (1.0) | 10 (1.6) | 0.315 |
| Other | 140 (3.4) | 133 (3.3) | 4 (3.3) | 3 (3.8) | 0.976 | 119 (3.4) | 21 (3.4) | 1 |
| Clinical practice | ||||||||
| Specialty | ||||||||
| General practice | 3508 (84.1) | 3352 (84.4) | 93 (77.5) | 63 (79.7) | 0.073 | 3005 (84.7) | 503 (80.4) | 0.007 |
| Endodontics | 397 (9.5) | 383 (9.6) | 12 (10.0) | 2 (2.5) | 0.101 | 343 (9.7) | 54 (8.6) | 0.454 |
| Oral surgery | 636 (15.2) | 599 (15.1) | 23 (19.2) | 14 (17.7) | 0.389 | 529 (14.9) | 107 (17.1) | 0.182 |
| Orthodontics | 414 (9.9) | 400 (10.1) | 10 (8.3) | 4 (5.1) | 0.284 | 353 (10.0) | 61 (9.7) | 0.928 |
| Pediatric dentistry | 294 (7.0) | 279 (7.0) | 12 (10.0) | 3 (3.8) | 0.238 | 236 (6.7) | 58 (9.3) | 0.023 |
| Restorative dentistery | 369 (8.8) | 353 (8.9) | 14 (11.7) | 2 (2.5) | 0.078 | 317 (8.9) | 52 (8.3) | 0.662 |
| Periodontology | 644 (15.4) | 605 (15.2) | 28 (23.3) | 11 (13.9) | 0.05 | 524 (14.8) | 120 (19.2) | 0.006 |
| Prosthodontics | 610 (14.6) | 579 (14.6) | 21 (17.5) | 10 (12.7) | 0.592 | 517 (14.6) | 93 (14.9) | 0.905 |
| Implantology | 139 (3.3) | 128 (3.2) | 6 (5.0) | 5 (6.3) | 0.184 | 112 (3.2) | 27 (4.3) | 0.173 |
| Disability | 6 (0.1) | 6 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.86 | 4 (0.1) | 2 (0.3) | 0.493 |
| Gnathology | 82 (2.0) | 76 (1.9) | 3 (2.5) | 3 (3.8) | 0.447 | 71 (2.0) | 11 (1.8) | 0.802 |
| Other | 27 (0.6) | 24 (0.6) | 3 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.03 | 17 (0.5) | 10 (1.6) | 0.003 |
| Private practice | 3858 (92.5) | 3680 (92.6) | 110 (91.7) | 68 (86.1) | 0.087 | 3290 (92.8) | 568 (90.7) | 0.088 |
| Working in group practice | 574 (13.8) | 536 (13.5) | 21 (17.5) | 17 (21.5) | 0.059 | 478 (13.5) | 96 (15.3) | 0.238 |
| Number of staff | ||||||||
| Medical | 2.00 [2.00, 4.00] | 2.00 [2.00, 4.00] | 2.50 [2.00, 4.00] | 3.00 [2.00, 5.50] | 0.008* | 2.00 [2.00, 4.00] | 3.00 [2.00, 4.00] | 0.03# |
| Non-medical | 2.00 [1.00, 4.00] | 2.00 [1.00, 4.00] | 3.00 [2.00, 5.25] | 4.00 [2.00, 7.00] | 0.005* | 2.00 [1.00, 4.00] | 3.00 [2.00, 5.00] | 0.002# |
| Taking public transportation | 457 (11.0) | 425 (10.7) | 18 (15.0) | 14 (17.7) | 0.05 | 360 (10.2) | 97 (15.5) | <0.001 |
| Before lockdown | 406 (9.7) | 377 (9.5) | 15 (12.5) | 14 (17.7) | 0.029 | 321 (9.1) | 85 (13.6) | 0.001 |
| After lockdown | 170 (4.1) | 160 (4.0) | 7 (5.8) | 3 (3.8) | 0.61 | 132 (3.7) | 38 (6.1) | 0.009 |
| Changes after lockdown | ||||||||
| Family environement | ||||||||
| Household size increase | 689 (16.5) | 664 (16.7) | 16 (13.3) | 9 (11.4) | 0.287 | 611 (17.2) | 78 (12.5) | 0.004 |
| Household size decrease | 255 (6.1) | 236 (5.9) | 14 (11.7) | 5 (6.3) | 0.036 | 206 (5.8) | 49 (7.8) | 0.064 |
| Relocation | 172 (4.1) | 166 (4.2) | 4 (3.3) | 2 (2.5) | 0.696 | 136 (3.8) | 36 (5.8) | 0.035 |
| Other | 33 (0.8) | 31 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.5) | 0.134 | 23 (0.6) | 10 (1.6) | 0.026 |
| Work environement | ||||||||
| No change | 284 (6.8) | 268 (6.7) | 5 (4.2) | 11 (13.9) | 0.022 | 224 (6.3) | 60 (9.6) | 0.004 |
| Workplace | 7 (0.2) | 7 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.839 | 7 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.56 |
| Work rhythm | 1412 (33.8) | 1353 (34.1) | 39 (32.5) | 20 (25.3) | 0.254 | 1264 (35.6) | 148 (23.6) | <0.001 |
| Clinical practice | 2966 (71.1) | 2852 (71.8) | 78 (65.0) | 36 (45.6) | <0.001 | 2556 (72.1) | 410 (65.5) | 0.001 |
| Reduce number of medical staff | 794 (19.0) | 767 (19.3) | 12 (10.0) | 15 (19.0) | 0.038 | 686 (19.3) | 108 (17.3) | 0.24 |
| Reduce number of paramedical staff | 1420 (34.0) | 1368 (34.4) | 27 (22.5) | 25 (31.6) | 0.022 | 1242 (35.0) | 178 (28.4) | 0.002 |
| Reduce number of administrative staff | 898 (21.5) | 855 (21.5) | 23 (19.2) | 20 (25.3) | 0.586 | 778 (21.9) | 120 (19.2) | 0.133 |
| Work stopping | 136 (3.3) | 120 (3.0) | 9 (7.5) | 7 (8.9) | <0.001 | 103 (2.9) | 33 (5.3) | 0.003 |
| COVID-19 status | ||||||||
| COVID-19-related clinical phenotypes | 626 (15.0) | 501 (12.6) | 57 (47.5) | 68 (86.1) | <0.001 | |||
| Date of first symptoms | 2020-03-14 [2020-03-05, 2020-03-20] | 2020-03-14 [2020-03-03, 2020-03-19] | 2020-03-18 [2020-03-13, 2020-03-21] | 2020-03-17 [2020-03-13, 2020-03-21] | <0.001* | 2020-03-15 [2020-03-07, 2020-03-20] | 2020-03-14 [2020-03-04, 2020-03-19] | 0.024# |
| Test | <0.001 | |||||||
| None | 3973 (95.2) | 3472 (97.9) | 501 (80.0) | |||||
| Negative | 120 (2.9) | 63 (1.8) | 57 (9.1) | |||||
| Positive | 79 (1.9) | 11 (0.3) | 68 (10.9) |
Data are median [IQR], n (%). P-values comparing (1) dentists’ COVID-19 test status (no test, negative or positive) and (2) dentists with a COVID-19-related clinical phenotype vs not, are from (#) Mann-Whitney U test, (*) Kruskal-Wallis or Fisher’s exact test when not specified. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; ID: immunodeficiencies; Lockdown was enforced from March 17 to May 11, 2020.