(a) Host abundances (■: D. birchii, ♦: D. pseudoananassae, ▲: D. sulfurigaster) were significantly reduced by parasitism across treatments. (b) Parasitism rates were reduced at higher temperature (□: Asobara sp.—D. pseudoananassae, ˄: Asobara sp.—D. birchii, +: Asobara sp.—D. sulfurigaster, × Leptopilina sp.—D. pseudoananassae, ◊: Leptopilina sp.—D. birchii, ˅: Leptopilina sp.—D. sulfurigaster). See Fig 1 for detailed description of the treatments. The small points represent the values from each block, the large points represent the grand mean, and the bars represent standard errors of the means. Significance of treatment effects is indicated as follows: (***) P < 0.001, (**) P < 0.01, (*) P < 0.05, (ns) P > 0.05.