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. 2021 Feb 11;16(2):e0246824. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246824

Table 2. Association between physical health status in the past 14 days and the psychological impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak as well as adverse mental health status during the epidemic (N = 4479).

Variable Impact of Event Stress Anxiety Depression
R2 AR2 B (95%CI) R2 AR2 B (95%CI) R2 AR2 B (95%CI) R2 AR2 B (95%CI)
Prolonged or Recuring Fever
Yes 0.001 0.001 0.10(-0.01 to 0.21) <0.001 <0.001 0.004(-0.09 to 0.09) <0.001 <0.001 0.03(-0.09 to 0.16) <0.001 <0.001 0.08(-0.03 to 0.19)
No Reference Reference Reference Reference
Chills or Rigors
Yes 0.001 <0.001 0.09(-0.02 to 0.20) 0.001 0.001 -0.11*(-0.20 to- 0.02) 0.001 0.001 -0.14*(-0.26 to -0.01) <0.001 <0.001 -0.08(-0.19 to 0.04)
No Reference Reference Reference Reference
Headache
Yes <0.001 <0.001 0.02(-0.07 to 0.11) 0.002 0.002 0.11**(0.04 to 0.19) 0.002 0.002 0.15**(0.05 to 0.25) 0.002 0.001 0.13**(0.03to 0.22)
No Reference Reference Reference Reference
Myalgia
Yes 0.003 0.003 0.18***(0.08 to 0.28) <0.001 <0.001 0.03(-0.06 to 0.11) <0.001 <0.001 0.08(-0.03 to 0.19) <0.001 <0.001 0.03(-0.07 to 0.13)
No Reference Reference Reference Reference
Cough
Yes 0.004 0.003 0.19***(0.10 to 0.28) <0.001 <0.001 0.04(-0.04 to 0.12) 0.001 0.001 0.12*(0.02 to 0.23) <0.001 <0.001 0.07(-0.03 to 0.16)
No Reference Reference Reference Reference
Breathing Difficulties
Yes 0.001 <0.001 0.10(-0.01 to 0.21) <0.001 <0.001 0.02(-0.07 to 0.11) <0.001 <0.001 0.05(-0.07 to 0.18) <0.001 <0.001 0.08(-0.04 to 0.19)
No Reference Reference Reference Reference
Dizziness
Yes 0.003 0.003 0.20***(0.10 to 0.30) <0.001 <0.001 -0.01(-0.09 to 0.08) <0.001 <0.001 0.02(-0.10 to 0.13) <0.001 <0.001 0.01(-0.10 to 0.11)
No Reference Reference Reference Reference
Rhinitis
Yes 0.002 0.002 0.14**(0.04 to 0.24) 0.003 0.003 -0.16***(-0.24 to- 0.08) 0.001 0.001 -0.14*(-0.25 to -0.03) 0.001 0.001 -0.12*(-0.22 to- 0.02)
No Reference Reference Reference Reference
Sore Throat
Yes 0.002 0.002 0.15**(0.05to 0.24) <0.001 <0.001 0.06(-0.02 to 0.14) 0.001 0.001 0.14*(0.03 to 0.25) <0.001 <0.001 0.07(-0.03 to 0.17)
No Reference Reference Reference Reference
Recurrent fever with cough or breathing difficulties
Yes 0.003 0.003 0.65***(0.31 to 1.00) 0.016 0.015 1.22***(0.93 to 1.50) 0.020 0.019 1.84***(1.46 to 2.22) 0.018 0.017 1.58***(1.23 to 1.93)
No Reference Reference Reference Reference
Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea
Yes <0.001 <0.001 0.01(-0.10 to 0.13) 0.002 0.001 -0.13**(-0.23 to -0.04) 0.002 0.002 -0.19**(-0.31 to -0.06) 0.001 <0.001 -0.10(-0.22 to 0.02)
No Reference Reference Reference Reference
Have you seen a doctor or visited a GP?
Yes 0.003 0.003 0.25***(0.11 to 0.39) 0.023 0.023 0.59***(0.48 to 0.71) 0.022 0.022 0.79***(0.63 to 0.94) 0.022 0.022 0.71***(0.57 to 0.85)
No Reference Reference Reference Reference
Hospitalisation
Yes 0.006 0.006 0.61***(0.38 to 0.84) 0.034 0.034 1.23***(1.04 to 1.42) 0.041 0.040 1.81***(1.55 to 2.06) 0.038 0.038 1.59***(1.36 to1.82)
No Reference Reference Reference Reference
Have you been tested for COVID-19
Yes 0.005 0.004 0.45***(0.26 to 0.65) 0.024 0.024 0.87***(0.70 to 1.03) 0.025 0.025 1.19***(0.98 to 1.41) 0.027 0.026 1.11***(0.91 to 1.30)
No Reference Reference Reference Reference
Have you been quarantined
Yes 0.004 0.004 0.41***(0.23 to 0.60) 0.015 0.015 0.65***(0.50 to 0.80) 0.014 0.013 0.83***(0.63 to 1.04) 0.016 0.016 0.82***(0.63 to 1.01)
No Reference Reference Reference Reference
Self-assessment of health status
Very bad or bad 0.026 0.026 0.48*(0.12 to 0.84) 0.093 0.092 1.23***(0.94 to 1.51) 0.113 0.113 1.41***(1.02 to 1.80) 0.108 0.108 1.40***(1.05 to 1.75)
Normal 0.55***(0.45 to 0.65) 0.82***(0.74 to 0.90) 1.27***(1.16 to 1.37) 1.11***(1.01to 1.21)
Good or very good Reference Reference Reference Reference
History of chronic disease
Yes <0.001 <0.001 0.07(-0.03 to 0.18) 0.011 0.010 0.31***(0.22 to 0.39) 0.015 0.014 0.49***(0.37 to 0.60) 0.008 0.008 0.33***(0.22 to 0.43)
No Reference Reference Reference Reference
Health insurance
Yes 0.017 0.016 0.34***(0.26 to 0.41) <0.001 <0.001 -0.02(-0.08 to 0.05) 0.001 0.001 0.08(-0.004 to 0.17) <0.001 <0.001 -0.02(-0.10 to 0.05)
No Reference Reference Reference Reference

* p<0.05;

** p<0.01,

*** p<0.001