. 2021 Feb 11;16(2):e0246824. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246824

Table 4. Association between precautionary measures and the psychological impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak as well as adverse mental health status during the epidemic (N = 4479).

Variable	Impact of event			Stress			Anxiety			Depression
Variable	R²	AR²	B (95%CI)	R²	AR²	B (95%CI)	R²	AR²	B (95%CI)	R²	AR²	B (95%CI)
Covering mouth after coughing or sneezing
Yes	<0.001	<0.001	-0.11(-0.38 to 0.16)	0.001	<0.001	0.19(-0.04 to 0.41)	<0.001	<0.001	0.14(-0.17 to 0.44)	0.001	<0.001	0.21(-0.06 to 0.49)
No	<0.001	<0.001	Reference	0.001	<0.001	Reference	<0.001	<0.001	Reference	0.001	<0.001	Reference
Avoidance of sharing cutlery during meals
Yes	<0.001	<0.001	0.08(-0.06 to 0.21)	0.001	<0.001	0.09(-0.02 to 0.20)	0.001	0.001	0.17^*(0.02 to 0.31)	0.001	0.001	0.15^*(0.02 to 0.29)
No	<0.001	<0.001	Reference	0.001	<0.001	Reference	0.001	0.001	Reference	0.001	0.001	Reference
Washing your hands using soap or hand sanitizer
Yes	0.002	0.001	-0.49^**(-0.85 to -0.13)	<0.001	<0.001	-0.02(-0.32 to 0.28)	<0.001	<0.001	-0.22(-0.62 to 0.19)	<0.001	<0.001	-0.12(-0.48 to 0.25)
No	0.002	0.001	Reference	<0.001	<0.001	Reference	<0.001	<0.001	Reference	<0.001	<0.001	Reference
Washing hands immediately after coughing, sneezing or rubbing your nose
Yes	0.001	0.001	-0.22^*(-0.42 to -0.03)	0.002	0.002	-0.23^**(-0.40 to -0.07)	0.004	0.003	-0.46^***(-0.68 to -0.23)	0.002	0.001	-0.27^**(-0.48 to -0.07)
No	0.001	0.001	Reference	0.002	0.002	Reference	0.004	0.003	Reference	0.002	0.001	Reference
Wearing a face mask
Yes	0.001	0.001	0.15(-0.002 to 0.30)	0.002	0.001	-0.17^**(-0.30 to -0.05)	<0.001	<0.001	-0.01(-0.18 to 0.17)	0.003	0.002	-0.28^***(-0.43 to -0.12)
No	0.001	0.001	Reference	0.002	0.001	Reference	<0.001	<0.001	Reference	0.003	0.002	Reference
Washing hands after coming into contact with contaminated surfaces
Yes	0.001	<0.001	-0.27(-0.60 to 0.06)	0.001	0.001	-0.31^*(-0.58 to -0.04)	0.003	0.002	-0.64^**(-1.00 to -0.27)	0.003	0.002	-0.58^**(-0.91 to -0.25)
No	0.001	<0.001	Reference	0.001	0.001	Reference	0.003	0.002	Reference	0.003	0.002	Reference
Are people too worried about COVID-19?
Yes	<0.001	<0.001	-0.03(-0.11 to 0.05)	0.012	0.012	0.25^***(0.18 to 0.32)	0.016	0.016	0.39^***(0.30 to 0.48)	0.014	0.014	0.33^***(0.25 to 0.41)
No	<0.001	<0.001	Reference	0.012	0.012	Reference	0.016	0.016	Reference	0.014	0.014	Reference
Time spent at home
0–10 hours	0.010	0.009	-0.29^***(-0.40 to -0.17)	0.031	0.030	0.23^***(0.14 to 0.32)	0.026	0.025	0.23^***(0.11 to 0.36)	0.023	0.023	0.19^**(0.08 to 0.30)
10–20 hours			0.12^*(0.01 to 0.22)			0.46^***(0.37 to 0.54)			0.59^***(0.47 to 0.71)			0.51^***(0.40 to 0.61)
20–24 hours			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference

* p<0.05;

**p<0.01;

***p<0.001