Table 1. Lactic acid-containing product details.

Product name, formulation, reference	Lactic acid details	pH	Other ingredients and excipients including preservatives
Acidforma intravaginal gel [32, 33]	88mg (1.76%) per dose	3.55	50 mg (1%) citric acid, 20 mg (0.4%) potassium bitartrate, benzoic acid, alginic acid, xanthan gum, glycerin, sodium hydroxide and water in a 5mg dose [38]
	L-lactic acid isomer
Lactal intravaginal gel [34] b	NR	3.5	Growth substrates for lactobacilli
Lactic acid pessary [35]	100mg lactic acid per pessary	3.3	2.4g of polyethylene glycol 1540
Vagisan®, vaginal pessary [29]	40mg lactic acid per pessary	~4.5	Macrogol 1500, macrogol 6000 and sodium lactate
WO3191, vaginal pessary [29]	Total lactic acid conc. of ~3.9% total weight	~4.5	Cocoamphopropionate (amphoteric tenside), sodium lactate
Sustained release oligomeric lactic acid (OMLA) pessary [36]	700mg lactic acid per pessaryc	pH 3.5	NR
Etos® vaginal douche [37]	Neat lactic acid conc. 0.45%, diluted conc.	Neat pH 3.42, diluted pH 3.50 (1 in 7 dilution)	Aqua, butylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, sodium pyroglutamic acid, Zea mays kernel extract, hydrolyzed milk protein, niacinamide, and adenosine triphosphate
	0.06% (1 in 7 dilution)

NR, not reported.

^a Also known as Amphora.

^b Reference [39] states that Lactal gel is the lactic acid-containing product in Andersch et al. [34].

^c Designed to release lactic acid over a 72hr period.