. 2020 Nov 18;14(1):20–28. doi: 10.1111/cts.12882

Table 3.

Number of arrhythmogenic adverse drug events reported by the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System for repurposed drugs used for COVID‐19 treatment and drugs known to be associated with various risk for drug‐induced LQTS

Drug name^a	All terms^b	VT/VF/TdP/LQTS^c	VT/VF/VA/VFL/VT^d	TdP/LQTS^e	CA/C‐RA^f
COVID‐19 drugs
Azithromycin	790	168	115	53	171
Chloroquine	129	40	28	12	36
Hydroxychloroquine	240	73	38	35	48
Lopinavir/ritonavir	501	42	30	12	90
Ritonavir	206	35	28	7	81
High‐risk drugs
Chlorpromazine	48	0	3	0	9
Cilostazol	298	60	79	20	52
Cisapride	1026	162	173	77	38
Clozapine	2530	29	55	6	686
Domperidone	21	5	7	1	0
Droperidol	26	7	11	2	3
Halofantrine	4	1	1	1	1
Haloperidol	723	144	81	100	176
Methadone	1537	220	114	174	661
Ondansetron	854	191	184	125	192
Pentamidine	2	0	0	0	1
Pimozide	33	7	6	4	7
Propofol	675	133	198	31	348
Risperidone	1608	131	108	67	324
Thioridazine	56	6	9	1	10
Vandetanib	93	1	1	1	2
Moderate‐risk drugs
Clarithromycin	769	182	113	118	127
Donepezil	1108	157	103	121	172
Escitalopram	838	56	59	28	128
Lapatinib	251	7	8	3	47
Low‐risk drugs
Dasatinib	180	7	9	2	57
Diltiazem	725	87	55	32	385
Duloxetine	1890	92	82	10	156
Loratadine	338	74	40	34	32
Nifedipine	216	36	33	3	93
Raltegravir	81	25	23	2	20
Ribavirin	581	27	23	4	72
Sildenafil	856	131	127	4	220

COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019; FAERS, FDA Adverse Event Reporting System; FDA, US Food and Drug Administration; LQTS, long QT syndrome.

^{^a}

No data are available in the FAERS database for favipiravir, remdesivir, astemizole, terfenadine, lamivudine, mitotraxone, and sitagliptin.

^{^b}

“All terms” refers to the following terms included in the query: Electrocardiogram QT prolonged, long QT syndrome, long QT syndrome congenital, Torsade de pointes, ventricular tachycardia, cardiac arrest, cardiac death, cardiac fibrillation, cardio‐respiratory arrest, electrocardiogram repolarization abnormality, electrocardiogram U wave inversion, electrocardiogram U wave present, electrocardiogram U‐wave abnormality, loss of consciousness, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, sudden cardiac death, sudden death, syncope, ventricular arrhythmia, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular flutter, and ventricular tachyarrhythmia.

^{^c}

Terms included in the query comprised: ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), Torsade de pointes (TdP), long QT Syndrome (LQTS), ventricular arrhythmia, ventricular flutter, and cardiac fibrillation.

^{^d}

Terms included in the query comprised: ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), ventricular arrhythmia (VA), ventricular flutter (VFL), and cardiac fibrillation (CF).

^{^e}

Terms included in the query comprised: long QT syndrome (LQTS) and Torsade de pointes (TdP).

^{^f}

Terms included in the query comprised: cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiorespiratory arrest (C‐RA).