(A) Schematic of the experimental approach.
(B) Example data highlighting the analytical approach to quantify the lactate secretion rate. Left: cell number time courses. Black, reference condition (glucose). Green, fructose. Right: corresponding produced lactate.
(C) Search for an empirical growth relationship for the lactate secretion rate. Left: ΔAIC (compared with zero polynomial order) as a function of polynomial order. Red circle, polynomial order with minimal ΔAIC (= best fit). Right: lactate secretion rate as a function of growth rate relative to the reference condition (all nutrients present at a concentration corresponding to standard RPMI 1640 media) across metabolic environments in PC9 cells. Red line, best fit. Error bars denote standard deviation (n = 3).