Table 3.
Cardiovascular risk markers among subjects with NGT, prediabetes and diabetes.
| Glucose tolerance status | NGT (n = 759) | Prediabetes IFG and IGT (n = 176) | Diabetes (n = 106) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male/female (%) | 49/51 | 52/48 | 55/45 | .446 |
| Study group (hypertensives/controls, %) | 43/57 | 62.5/37.5 | 78/22 | <.001 |
| Age (years) | 50.7 (6.0) | 52.6 (6.0) | 53.0 (5.5) | <.001 (1) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.7 (4.0) | 30.0 (5.3) | 31.0 (5.3) | <.001 (1) |
| Waist (cm) | 87.9 (12.1) | 96.5 (13.3) | 100.0 (13.6) | <.001 (1) |
| Smoking (pack-years) | 10.2 (13.8) | 8.8 (14.3) | 9.8 (17.0) | .482 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/mL) | 4.3 (0.4) | 4.8 (0.6) | 7.6 (3.2) | <.001 (1,2) |
| Fasting insulin (mU/L) | 11.5 (8.0) | 18.1 (15.0) | 22.0 (15.5) | <.001 (1,2) |
| Quick-index | 0.64 (0.11) | 0.55 (0.09) | 0.48 (0.07) | <.001 (1,2) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/mL) | 5.63 (1.02) | 5.91 (0.97) | 5.80 (1.37) | .005 (3) |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/mL) | 1.38 (0.39) | 1.27 (0.32) | 1.22 (0.34) | <.001 (1) |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/mL) | 3.49 (0.94) | 3.69 (0.85) | 3.50 (1.05) | .044 (3) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/mL) | 1.41 (0.81) | 1.88 (0.93) | 2.31 (1.84) | <.001 (1) |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 3.07 (6.34) | 5.09 (8.03) | 6.93 (11.74) | <.001 (1) |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 9.7 (7.5) | 13.2 (10.2) | 12.1 (7.8) | <.001 (1) |
| Plasma ghrelin (pg/mL) | 679.1 (239.7) | 663.6 (240.1) | 587.9 (246.2) | .001 (1,2) |
| Adiponectin (µg/mL) | 16.6 (7.0) | 14.4 (6.3) | 13.2 (5.4) | <.001 (1) |
| Resistin, only controls included (ng/mL) | 7.5 (2.3) | 8.2 (2.5) | 6.1 (2.2) | .001 (1,2) |
| Lipid lowering medication (%) | 2 | 2 | 12 | <.001 |
| Aspirin (%) | 5 | 6 | 9 | .273 |
Data are number (%) or means (standard deviations). p Values obtained from ANCOVA or chi-square. In post hoc analyses significance between groups NGT and prediabetes or diabetes (1), prediabetes and diabetes (2), NGT and prediabetes (3).