Table 3.

The association between hypertension onset age and cardiovascular disease.

Study	N	Age of hypertension onset (exposure)	Outcome	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p-value
Buck et al. [27]	10,313	40–49 years	CVD eventa	5.2 (n/a)	n/a
		50–59 years		1.8 (n/a)	n/a
		60–65 years		1.2 (n/a)	n/a
		No hypertension		Ref.
Niiranen et al. [53]	3,614	<45 years	CVD death	2.19 (1.77–2.70)	p < .001
		45–54 years		2.10 (1.67–2.63)	n/a
		55–64 years		1.86 (1.48–2.34)	n/a
		≥65 years		1.47 (1.16–1.87)	p = .001
		No hypertension		Ref.
Niiranen et al. [53]	3,614	<45 years	CHD death	2.26 (1.75–2.93)	p < .001
		45–54 years		2.18 (1.64–2.90)	n/a
		55–64 years		1.71 (1.26–2.32)	n/a
		≥65 years		1.36 (0.98–1.87)	p = .07
		No hypertension		Ref.

Abbreviations: CVD: cardiovascular disease; CHD: coronary heart disease; n/a: not applicable.

^aMyocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure, or renal failure.