Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the patient population at the time of cerebrovascular event.
| Women | Men | All | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 960) | (n = 787) | (n = 1747) | ||
| Age | 79.8 ± 8.5 | 73.5 ± 10.6 | 77.0 ± 10.0 | <.001 |
| Age 65–75 years | 190 (19.8) | 240 (30.5) | 430 (24.6) | <.001 |
| Age ≥ 75 years | 716 (74.6) | 381 (48.3) | 1096 (62.7) | <.001 |
| Hypertension | 674 (70.3) | 492 (62.5) | 1166 (66.8) | .001 |
| Heart failure | 220 (22.9) | 136 (17.3) | 356 (20.4) | .004 |
| Severe renal impairment* | 43 (4.6) | 18 (2.3) | 61 (3.5) | .012 |
| Anaemia (haemoglobin <10 g/dL) | 34 (3.6) | 14 (1.8) | 48 (2.8) | .024 |
| Chronic liver disease | 2 (0.2) | 16 (2.0) | 18 (1.0) | <.001 |
| Alcohol overuse | 17 (1.8) | 103 (13.1) | 120 (6.9) | <.001 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 134 (14.0) | 163 (20.7) | 297 (17.0) | <.001 |
| Prior bleeding | 70 (7.3) | 47 (6.3) | 117 (6.7) | .270 |
| Permanent pacemaker | 95 (9.9) | 55 (7.0) | 150 (8.6) | .032 |
| Biological valve prosthesis | 11 (1.1) | 11 (1.4) | 22 (1.5) | .068 |
| Paroxysmal AF | 448 (46.7) | 324 (41.2) | 772 (44.2) | .021 |
| Permanent or persistent AF | 411 (42.8) | 359 (45.6) | 770 (44.1) | .240 |
| Stroke | 653 (68.0) | 461 (58.6) | 1114 (63.8) | <.001 |
| TIA | 162 (16.9) | 160 (20.4) | 322 (18.4) | .062 |
| Intracranial haemorrhage | 147 (15.3) | 169 (21.5) | 316 (18.1) | .004 |
| Warfarin | 445 (46.4) | 379 (48.2) | 824 (47.2) | .437 |
| Aspirin | 328 (34.4) | 295 (37.5) | 623 (35.8) | .173 |
| INR (admission) | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | .146 |
| 1.9 [1.3–2.5] | 2.0 [1.4–2.6] | 1.9 [1.3–2.6] | ||
| INR 2–3 (of those on OAC) | 206 (45.0) | 189 (48.6) | 395 (46.6) | .446 |
| CHADS2 (until end 2009) | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 1.4 ± 1.0 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | <.001 |
| CHADS2 ≥2 | 364 (64.7) | 198 (43.1) | 562 (55.0) | <.001 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc (from 2010) | 4.2 ± 1.3 | 2.7 ± 1.4 | 3.5 ± 1.5 | <.001 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2 | 390 (98.2) | 258 (78.7) | 648 (89.4) | <.001 |
| CHADS2/CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2 | 754 (78.5) | 456 (57.9) | 1210 (69.3) | <.001 |
| HAS-BLED* | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | .001 |
AF: atrial fibrillation; TIA: transient ischaemic attack; CHADS2: congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes, prior stroke; CHA2DS2-VASc: congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years (two points), diabetes, prior stroke/transient ischaemic attack/systemic embolism (two points), associated Vascular disease, age 65–74 years and female sex category; HAS-BLED* (labile INR omitted): hypertension, abnormal liver or kidney function, prior stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, labile INR (omitted), elderly and concomitant drugs; severe renal dysfunction*: estimated glomerular filtration rate (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration)<30 ml/min/1.73 m2.
The values denote mean (standard deviation), median [interquartile range] or n (%). p Value refers to women vs. men.