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Mitochondrial dysfunction is induced by mitochondrial ROS. (a) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cardiac endothelial cells (CECs) underwent hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. Mito-Q, a mitochondrial antioxidant, was added to the CEC media to neutralize mROS. (b–d) The activity of the mitochondrial respiration complex was determined using an ELISA. ∗p < 0.05.
