Table 1.
Characteristics of the examined subjects including age, selected anthropometric, hormonal, biochemical and clinical parameters
| No. of subjects with values determined | Mean | Median | Min | Max | SD | Reference value | No. of subjects with abnormal values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age of the study group | 32 | 16.41 | 16 | 15 | 19 | 1.1 | N.A. (not applicable) | N.A. |
| Age of the control group | 23 | 16.5 | 16 | 15 | 19 | 1.5 | ||
| BMI of the study group | 32 | 25.082 | 24.08 | 16.00 | 42.99 | 5.90 | < 1 SD of the reference median [16] | 15↑ |
| BMI of the control group | 23 | 20.45 | 20.05 | 16.20 | 26.70 | 2.93 | 3↑ | |
| PLI of the study group | 32 | 0.623 | 0.58 | 0.08 | 1.42 | 0.37 | ≤ 0.6 (good hygiene) [19] | ↑13 |
| PLI of the control group | 23 | 0.73 | 0.83 | 0.04 | 1.54 | 0.47 | ↑14 | |
| GI of the study group | 32 | 0.474 | 0.42 | 0.08 | 1.29 | 0.34 | ≤ 1 mild gingivitis [17] | ↑3 |
| GI of the control group | 23 | 0.47 | 0.38 | 0.00 | 1.33 | 0.39 | ↑3 | |
| BOP% of the study group | 32 | 13.25 | 11.7 | 1.6 | 38.7 | 9.3 | < 10% gingival health [23] | ↑18 |
| BOP% of the control group | 23 | 15.7 | 12.1 | 1.2 | 45.3 | 12.6 | ↑13 | |
| PD of the study group | 32 | 0.856 | 0.86 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 0.11 | ≤ 3 [23] | 0 |
| PD of the control group | 23 | 0.80 | 0.83 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 0.16 | 0 | |
| FSH (mlU/ml) | 32 | 5.07 | 5.33 | 1.32 | 9.42 | 2.05 | 3.5–12.5* | 7 ↓ |
| LH (mlU/ml) | 32 | 11.91 | 9.70 | 0.20 | 27.90 | 7.77 | 2.4–12.6* | 14↑, 2↓ |
| LH/FSH | 32 | 2.34 | 2.24 | 0.15 | 8.54 | 1.60 | ≤ 2 [22] | 17↑ |
| Estradiol (pg/ml) | 32 | 59.83 | 44.18 | 12.55 | 236.40 | 52.80 | 12.5–166* (follicular phase) | 3↑ |
| Total testosterone (ng/dl) | 32 | 51.16 | 49.50 | 6.00 | 88.00 | 17.58 | 6–82* | 1↑ |
| SHBG (nmol/l) | 32 | 46.87 | 43.17 | 13.86 | 109.80 | 25.88 | 26.1–110* | 8 ↓ |
| Free testosterone (ng/l) | 32 | 8.36 | 7.35 | 1.07 | 17.60 | 4.30 | ≤ 9.5 [20] | 19 ↑ |
| DHEA-S (μmol/l) | 32 | 7.65 | 7.12 | 2.17 | 12.80 | 2.98 | 1.77–9.99* | 9↑ |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 32 | 87.61 | 87.45 | 77.20 | 99.00 | 5.77 | 60–99 * | 0 |
| Fasting insulin (μU/ml) | 32 | 15.30 | 14.71 | 5.45 | 31.51 | 6.35 | 2.6–24.9* | 4↑ |
| HOMA-IR | 32 | 3.41 | 3.29 | 1.06 | 7.05 | 1.36 | < 2.32 [21] | 26↑ |
| TC (mg/dl) | 32 | 155.52 | 160.30 | 120.50 | 207.70 | 22.17 | < 190* | 1↑ |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 32 | 54.06 | 52.75 | 38.30 | 73.20 | 8.65 | ≥ 45* | 3↓ |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 32 | 82.71 | 82.45 | 44.30 | 130.60 | 19.52 | < 115* | 1↑ |
| TG (mg/dl) | 32 | 93.74 | 86.45 | 46.70 | 176.80 | 36.32 | < 150* | 4↑ |
BMI body mass index, PLI plaque index, GI gingival index, BOP% bleeding on probing score, PD probing depth, FSH follicle-stimulating hormone, LH luteinizing hormone, SHGB sex hormone–binding globulin, DHEA-S dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, TC total cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglycerides
*According to the hospital age- and sex-specific laboratory reference ranges, ↑ above, ↓ below the reference values
1p = 0.8047 as compared with the age of the control group, Mann-Whitney U test, not significant
2p = 0.0014 as compared with the BMI of the control group, Mann-Whitney U test, statistically significant
3p = 0.3884 as compared with PLI of the control group, Mann-Whitney U test, not significant
4p = 0.8710 as compared with GI of the control group, Mann-Whitney U test, not significant
5p = 0.6696 as compared with BOP% of the control group, Mann-Whitney U test, not significant
6p = 0.2653 as compared with PD of the control group, Mann-Whitney U test, not significant