Table 2.

Comparison of the number of bacteria isolated from gingival sulci and the percentage of patients infected by particular pathogens in the study group and the control group of subjects, in the subgroups with moderate gingivitis and healthy gingiva/mild gingivitis

	Subjects with PCOS		Control group		Mann-Whitney U test	Chi-square test	GI ≤ 1healthy gingiva/mild gingivitis n = 49		GI > 1moderate gingivitis n = 6		Mann-Whitney U test	Chi-square test
Periopathogens tested	Mean ± SD	No (%) of infected patients	Mean ± SD	No (%) of infected patients	p	p	Mean ± SD	No (%) of infected patients	Mean ± SD	No (%) of infected patients	p	p
A. actinomycetemcomitans	5.5 × 10 ± 20.8 × 10	3 (9.4%)	1.9 × 10 ± 9.0 × 10	1 (4.3%)	0.5072	0. 8557	4.5 × 10 ± 17.8 × 10	4 (8.2%)	0 ± 0	0 (0%)	0.4905	0.9156
Red complex bacteria	2.1 × 104 ± 15.0 × 104	10 (31.3%)	6.7 × 103 ± 20.8 × 103	15 (65.2%)	0.0990	0.0126*	4.5 × 103 ± 15.0 × 103	19 (38.8%)	9.8 × 104 ± 22 × 104	6 (100%)	0.0019*	0.0160*
P. gingivalis	1.6 × 104 ± 8.8 × 104	4 (12.5%)	0 ± 0	0 (0%)	0.0847	0.2170	2.0 × 102 ± 11.0 × 102	2 (4.1%)	8.4 × 104 ± 20.4 × 104	2 (33.3%)	0.0108*	0.0765
T. forsythia	2.3 × 103 ± 7.0 × 103	6 (18.8%)	8.7 × 102 ± 22.5 × 102	8 (34.8%)	0.3434	0.1782	1.2 × 103 ± 4.1 × 103	10 (20.4%)	6.2 × 103 ± 11.9 × 103	4 (66.7%)	0.0190*	0.0501
T. denticola	2.2 × 103 ± 5.2 × 103	9 (28.1%)	5.8 × 103 ± 19.0 × 103	14 (60.9%)	0.0521	0.0152*	3.1 × 103 ± 13.4 × 103	17 (34.7%)	8.4 × 103 ± 6.9 × 103	6 (100%)	0.0005*	0.0087*
Orange complex bacteria	3.4 × 104 ± 15.0 × 104	16 (50.0%)	5.0 × 104 ± 15.8 × 104	20 (87.0%)	0.0610	0.0045*	1.8 × 104 ± 8.8 × 104	31 (63.3%)	22.3 × 104 ± 36.2 × 104	5 (83.3%)	0.1680	0.6024
F. nucleatum	0.9 × 103 ± 2.6 × 103	11 (34.4%)	3.2 × 102 ± 10.0 × 102	6 (26.1%)	0.4786	0.5118	6.9 × 102 ± 22.0 × 102	16 (32.7%)	1.4 × 102 ± 3.4 × 102	1 (16.7%)	0.4886	0.7400
P. intermedia	3.3 × 104 ± 15.0 × 104	6 (18.8%)	4.8 × 104 ± 15.6 × 104	5 (21.7%)	0.7976	0.7846	1.7 × 104 ± 8.6 × 104	9 (18.4%)	2.2 × 105 ± 3.6 × 105	2 (33.3%)	0.2543	0.7456
P. micros	0.6 × 103 ± 1.3 × 103	13 (40.6%)	1.3 × 103 ± 2.5 × 103	17 (73.9%)	0.0428*	0.0145*	7.9 × 102 ± 19.7 × 102	25 (51.0%)	1.5 × 103 ± 1.4 × 103	5 (83.3%)	0.0358*	0.2864
E. nodatum	0 ± 0	0 (0%)	0 ± 0	0 (0%)	N.A.	N.A.	0 ± 0	0 (0%)	0 ± 0	0 (0%)	N.A.	N.A.
C. gingivalis	5.9 × 104 ± 6.8 × 104	32 (100%)	3.1 × 104 ± 4.3 × 104	23 (100%)	0.0605	N.A.	4.5 × 104 ± 4.8 × 104	49 (100%)	6.4 × 104 ± 12.6 × 104	6 (100%)	0.4660	N.A.
total bacteria count	4.7 × 108 ± 12.6 × 108	32 (100%)	3.9 × 108 ± 8.1 × 108	23 (100%)	0.3018	N.A.	4.7 × 108 ± 11.5 × 108	49 (100%)	1.1 × 108 ± 0.8 × 108	6 (100%)	0.3950	N.A.

*p < 0.05, statistically significant differences between groups