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. 2021 Feb 11;11:3563. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-82554-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Immunohistochemical detection of TCs in atrial appendage myocardium of patients with AF. (a) Single CD117⁺ cells in the interstitium. (b) Vimentin⁺ TCs, endotheliocytes, and connective tissue cells. (c) CD34⁺ endotheliocytes, and TCs surrounding vessels, cardiomyocytes, and endotheliocytes in the interstitium. (d) CD44⁺ TCs in the interstitium, as well as weakly-labeled endotheliocytes. (e) CD105⁺ endotheliocytes. (f) S100-positively stained nerve fibers. (g) CD68⁺ round cells of histiocytic origin and spindle-shaped TCs in the interstitium. (h) CD16⁺ round cells of histiocytic origin and spindle-shaped TCs in the perivascular area. (a–h) Streptavidin–biotin complexes. bar 15 µm. (i) The number of CD68⁺ cells in the atrial appendage myocardium of the AF + IAA patients significantly exceeds the number of these cells in the AF group. Mann–Whitney test, p < 0.05. (j) The number of CD16⁺cells in the atrial appendage myocardium of the AF + IAA patients does not differ significantly from the number of these cells in the AF group. Mann–Whitney test, p > 0.05.