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. 2021 Jan 29;12:593202. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.593202

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Copyright © 2021 Wang, Su, Luo, Li, Wu, Chang, Du, Huang, Ma, Han, Yuan, He, Guo, Zhang and He.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Expression profiles of TLRs, proinflammatory cytokines, and inflammation mediators in the target tissues of chickens and ducks infected with H5N6. At 2 days post-infection, the target tissues (i.e., spleen, lung, and brain) of H5N6-infected chickens and ducks were harvested for detection of immune gene at mRNA level via qRT-PCR. (A) TLR7, (B) TLR3, (C) MDA5, (D) TNF-α, (E) IL-1β, (F) IL-6, (G) IFN-γ, and (H) iNOS. Each bar represents the level of target gene mRNA relative to mock after normalizing to GAPDH. Data are expressed as the mean values ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed with Student’s t-test (^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001, ^****p < 0.0001). TLRs, Toll-like receptors; qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; and GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.