TABLE 3.
Novel intra-articular delivery system in animal TMD models.
| Deliverer type | Material type | Material | Cell | Molecule | Test model | Outcome | Reference | Year | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delivery system for therapeutic agents | Hydrogel | Natural | Chitosan+β-GP | - | HA | Rabbit TMJ | Thermosensitive hydrogel releasing HA for over 7 days | Talaat et al. (2016) | 2016 |
| Microparticle | Natural | Gelatin | - | Ibuprofen | Rat TMJ | Microcapsules biocompatible and reduce TMJ OA pain | Kramer et al. (2012) | 2012 | |
| Synthetic | PLGA | - | siRNA-PEI | Rat TMJ | Reduced inlammatory expression and nociceptive reaction for 7 days | Mountziaris et al. (2012) | 2012 | ||
| Nanoparticle | Synthetic | PLGA | - | 15 days-PGJ2 | Rat TMJ | Decreased IL-1β release and nociceptive behavioral response | Clemente-Napimoga et al. (2012) | 2012 | |
| Synthetic | CP + CCT + Pluronic F68 | - | naproxen | Rat TMJ | Lipid carriers show reduced IL-1β and TNF-α for over 7 days | Guilherme et al. (2019) | 2019 | ||
| Synthetic | MSN-CC-PEI | - | HAS2 | Rat TMJ | Promoted endogenous HA production and reduced synovial inflammation for 3 weeks | Li et al. (2019) | 2019 | ||
| Delivery system for regenerative agents | Hydrogel | Synthetic | Pluronic F-127 | Chondrocyte | - | Goat condyle defect | Neocondylar surface covered with fibrocartilaginous tissue | Yu et al. (2011) | 2011 |
| Synthetic | Pluronic F-127 | Chondrocyte + BMSC | - | Goat condyle defect | The co-culture system provides chondrogenic environment for BMSC chondrogenic differentiation | Sun et al. (2018) | 2018 | ||
| Scaffold | Natural | Collagen | Whole BM | - | Rabbit disc defect | Defect healed with new connective tissue in 2 weeks | Kobayashi et al. (2015) | 2015 | |
| Natural | Collagen | - | - | Rabbit disc defect | Disc regenerated with normal collagen expression in 3 months | Wang et al. (2017) | 2017 | ||
| Synthetic | PLGA | BMSC | - | Goat condyle defect | Osteochondral recover within 24 weeks | Zhu et al. (2011) | 2011 | ||
| Synthetic | PLGA | - | TGF-β1+BMP-2 | Rabbit condyle defect | Osteochondral repair after 6 weeks | Dormer et al. (2011) | 2011 | ||
| Synthetic | PLA | ASC | TGF-β1 | Rabbit disc discectomy | Potential system for disc implantation | Ahtiainen et al. (2013) | 2013 | ||
| Synthetic | PCL + PLGA | - | CTGF + TGF-β3 | Rabbit disc defect | Multiphase fibrocartilaginous recovery after 4 weeks | Tarafder et al. (2016) | 2016 | ||
| Assembled cells | Natural | - | Chondrocyte | - | Minipig disc thinning | Integration with host tissue within 8 weeks | Vapniarsky et al. (2018) | 2018 |