Table 1.

Participant characteristics of the included trials (total number of trials = 22)

Type of intervention	Author, year	Participants	Total number	Primary inclusion criteria	Primary exclusion criteria
Complementary and alternative therapy (N = 5)	Lee et al., 2016	Subacute or chronic stroke	53	- More than 4 weeks after stroke - Aged 20 years or older	- Presence of cognitive impairment - Presence of another central nervous disease or severe neurological or psychiatric symptoms - Taking antipsychotic medication - Communication difficulties
	Man et al., 2014	Stroke within 6 months	43	- Diagnosed as ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke within 6 months - Aged 35–80 years - Developed significant depressive episode	- Presence of severe aphasia - Presence of severe cognitive dysfunction - History of psychiatric illness other than depression - Presence of another chronic disorder
	Särkämö et al., 2008	Acute ischemic middle cerebral artery stroke	36	- Acute ischemic middle cerebral artery stroke - Aged 75 years or older	- Presence of any prior neurological or psychiatric disease - Presence of drug or alcohol abuse - Presence of hearing deficit
	Raglio et al., 2017	Post-acute stroke	38	- Aged 40 years or older	- Presence of cognitive dysfunction - Presence of aphasia or amusia - Presence of previous neurological or psychiatric diseases
	Menghan et al., 2017	Stroke within 6 months	58	- Cerebral infarction attacks for the first time and the course is less than 6 months - Aged 40–80 years	- Has been treated by other antidepressant treatment within 2 weeks - Presence of a cognitive disorder or obvious hypophrenia and severe aphasia - Personal history of positive psychonosema, including depression, in medical history
Exercise (N = 6)	Lai et al., 2006	Subacute stroke	93	- Stroke within 30–150 days - Mild-to-moderate stroke deficits	- Presence of cognitive dysfunction - Presence of serious cardiac conditions, oxygen dependence - Presence of other serious organ system disease
	Mead et al., 2007	Stroke survivors	66	- Independently ambulatory	- Presence of dysphasia or confusion severe enough to prevent informed consent - Presence of medical contraindications to exercise training
	Zedlitz et al., 2012	4 months after stroke	83	- Sustained a stroke > 4 months before recruitment - Reported severe fatigue - Aged 18–70 years	- Presence of severe cognitive deficits - Presence of severe comorbidity such as cardiac disease, pulmonary disease, or depression
	Vahlberg et al., 2017	Chronic stroke	57	- Verified stroke of any type within the previous 1–3 years	- Presence of cognitive deficits - Presence of dementia diagnosis, severe communication problems
	Rowe et al., 2017	Chronic stroke	30	- History of unilateral stroke at least 6 months prior - Aged 18–80 years	- None
	Topcuoglu et al., 2015	Subacute stroke	40	- A diagnosis with hemiplegia associated with a cerebrovascular event that took place at least 1 month and at most 6 months prior to the study	- Presence of severe aphasia, serious mental disorder, a history of fracture
Psychosocial therapy (N = 6)	Mitchell et al., 2009	Stroke within 6 months	101	- Within 4 months of an ischemic stroke - Screened positive for depressive symptoms and whose diagnosis of clinical depression was verified by a diagnostic interview	- None
	Watkins et al., 2009	Acute stroke	411	- Aged 18 years or older	- Presence of severe cognitive or communication problems preventing participation in interviews
	Aben et al., 2013	Chronic stroke	153	- 8 months or more elapsed since first and only stroke - Aged 18–80 years - Reported subjective memory complaints	- Presence of progressive neurological disorders such as dementia or multiple sclerosis - Presence of alcohol or drug abuse - Presence of subdural hematomas or subarachnoid hemorrhages
	Visser et al., 2016	Outpatient stroke	166	- Had a stroke (including subarachnoid hemorrhage) - Aged 18–75 years - Received outpatient stroke rehabilitation treatment	- Presence of progressive neurological disorder, subdural hematomas, moderate or severe aphasia, or partook in excessive drinking or drug abuse
	Kirkness et al., 2017	Stroke within 4 months	63	- Scored ≥ 11 on the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale	- None
	Kootker et al., 2017	Stroke at least 3 months earlier	61	- Sustained any type of clinically confirmed stroke at least 3 months earlier - Score > 7 on the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale depression subscale - Aged 18 years and older	- Presence of pre-stroke major depression requiring psychiatric care - Presence of moderate or severe cognitive impairments - Presence of premorbid disability as reflected in a Barthel Index score < 19 - Presence of post-stroke major depression requiring medication
Multifactorial therapy (N = 3)	Ihle-Hansen et al., 2014	Acute stroke	172	- Survived the acute phase (days 7–10)	- Presence of subarachnoid hemorrhage, known cognitive decline, previous stroke, or transient ischemic attack
	Rochette et al., 2013	Mild stroke	186	- Sustained a first mild stroke - Ability to understand basic instructions and express basic needs	- Presence of moderate or severe cognitive deficits
	Wong et al., 2015	Outpatient stroke	108	- Ability to communicate - Cerebral hemorrhage - Cerebral infarction - Slight-to-moderate neurological deficits - Slight-to-moderate level of disability	- Presence of cognitive dysfunction - Presence of unstable comorbidity requiring active treatment
Cranial stimulation (N = 2)	Valiengo et al., 2017	Stroke within 5 years	48	- Verified stroke of any type within the previous 1–3 years	- Presence of cognitive deficits, dementia diagnosis, severe communication problems
	Gu et al., 2017	Chronic stroke	24	- History of stroke - Admitted ≥ 6 months after stroke onset - Aged 21–80 years - Presence of depression	- Presence of serious medical complications such as pneumonia or cardiac problems - Presence of depression or medication history of antidepressants before stroke onset - Presence of severe cognitive dysfunction or aphasia