| Type of intervention | Author, year | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | Q9 | Q10 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Complementary and alternative therapy (N = 5) | Lee et al., 2016 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 10 |
| Man et al., 2014 | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 9 | |
| Särkämö et al., 2008 | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 8 | |
| Raglio et al., 2017 | Y | U | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 8 | |
| Menghan et al., 2017 | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 8 | |
| Exercise (N = 6) | Lai et al., 2006 | U | N | U | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | 6 |
| Mead et al., 2007 | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 7 | |
| Topcuoglu et al., 2015 | Y | N | U | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 7 | |
| Zedlitz et al., 2012 | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 9 | |
| Vahlberg et al., 2017 | Y | U | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | 8 | |
| Rowe et al., 2017 | Y | Y | U | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 9 | |
| Psychosocial therapy (N = 6) | Aben et al., 2013 | Y | Y | U | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 9 |
| Mitchell et al., 2009 | Y | U | U | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 8 | |
| Visser et al., 2016 | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 8 | |
| Watkins et al., 2011 | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 8 | |
| Kirkness et al., 2017 | Y | U | N | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | 6 | |
| Kootker et al., 2017 | Y | U | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 9 | |
| Multifactorial therapy (N = 3) | Ihle-Hansen et al., 2014 | Y | U | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 9 |
| Rochette et al., 2013 | N | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 7 | |
| Wong et al., 2017 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 10 | |
| Cranial stimulation (N = 2) | Valiengo et al., 2017 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 10 |
| Gu et al., 2017 | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 9 | |
| Percentage | 77% | 36% | 45% | 82% | 100% | 100% | 86% | 100% | 100% | 100% | Mean=8.27 SD=1.16 |
|
Q1: Was the assignment to treatment groups truly random? Q2: Were participants blinded to treatment allocation? Q3: Was allocation to treatment groups concealed from the allocator? Q4: Were the outcomes of people who withdrew described and included in the analysis? Q5: Were those assessing outcomes blind to the treatment allocation? Q6: were the control and treatment groups comparable at entry? Q7: Were groups treated identically other than for the named interventions? Q8: Were outcomes measured in the same way for all groups? Q9: Were outcomes measured in a reliable way? Q10: Was appropriate statistical analysis used?
U: Unclear