. 2021 Mar 5;31(3):172–179. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20190296

Table 5. Heritability of each phenotype and genetic correlation between phenotypes.

(i) Heritability

	All participants			Male			Female
	(n = 11,586)			(n = 5,169)			(n = 6,417)

	Heritability	SE	P-value^e	Heritability	SE	P-value^e	Heritability	SE	P-value^e
Current BMI^a	0.272	0.030	0.00E+00	0.422	0.065	1.64E-11	0.259	0.053	4.99E-07
BMI at 20^b	0.216	0.029	4.22E-15	0.254	0.064	2.35E-05	0.322	0.053	1.99E-10
BMI change^c	0.158	0.030	3.34E-08	0.239	0.066	1.90E-04	0.166	0.052	1.05E-03
BMI change (without adjustment for BMI at 20)	0.116	0.029	4.64E-05	0.131	0.065	2.95E-02	0.163	0.052	1.19E-03

(ii) Genetic correlation (n = 11,586)

	Genetic correlation (rG)	SE	P-value^e (one-tailed, rG = 1)	P-value^e (one-tailed, rG = 0)
Current BMI^a/BMI at 20^b	0.753	0.063	9.72E-05	3.33E-16
Current BMI^a/BMI change^d	0.757	0.063	3.07E-03	5.89E-08
BMI at 20^b/BMI change^d	0.130	0.148	5.84E-04	1.77E-01

BMI, body mass index; SE, standard error.

^aThe covariates in current BMI were age (continuous), age-squared (continuous), birth year (continuous), sex (male or female), and first five principal components (continuous).

^bThe covariates in BMI at 20 were adjusted for sex (male or female), birth year (continuous), and the first five principal components (continuous).

^cThe covariates in BMI change were age (continuous), age-squared (continuous), sex (male or female), birth year (continuous), the first five principal components (continuous), and BMI at 20 (continuous).

^dThe covariates in BMI change were age (continuous), age-squared (continuous), sex (male or female), birth year (continuous), and the first five principal components (continuous).

^eSignificant P-values were defined as P ≤ 0.05.