Table 2.
The risk of islet autoimmunity associated with erythrocyte fatty acid status in TEDDY nested case–control study.
| Relative percentage of total fatty acids in erythrocyte membrane | Islet autoimmunity, cases n = 398 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 months | 6 months | Mean over 1–6 years | ||||
| OR (95% CI)a | p value | OR (95% CI)a | p value | OR (95% CI)a | p value | |
| SFA | ||||||
| Myristic acid 14:0 | 0.95 (0.52–1.74) | 0.861 | 1.26 (0.74–2.13) | 0.395 | 0.87 (0.42–1.81) | 0.706 |
| Pentadecanoic acid 15:0 | 1.19 (0.68–2.07) | 0.550 | 0.94 (0.53–1.67) | 0.821 | 0.54 (0.27–1.05) | 0.068 |
| Palmitic acid 16:0 | 2.31 (0.89–5.99) | 0.085 | 3.35 (1.30–8.65) | 0.013 | 3.18 (0.82–12.41) | 0.096 |
| Heptadecanoic acid 17:0 | 1.95 (0.83–4.60) | 0.125 | 1.19 (0.55–2.58) | 0.655 | 0.88 (0.31–2.50) | 0.808 |
| iso − heptadecanoic acid i17:0 | 0.98 (0.76–1.27) | 0.882 | 0.87 (0.68–1.11) | 0.264 | 0.68 (0.45–1.02) | 0.061 |
| Stearic acid 18:0 | 2.40 (0.81–7.16) | 0.115 | 2.21 (0.71–6.85) | 0.170 | 4.70 (1.48–14.89) | 0.009 |
| Eicosanoid acid 20:0 | 1.34 (0.76–2.37) | 0.309 | 1.26 (0.70–2.26) | 0.441 | 1.26 (0.59–2.68) | 0.546 |
| Docosanoic acid 22:0b | 1.23 (0.70–2.16) | 0.478 | 1.34 (0.72–2.50) | 0.348 | 0.99 (0.48–2.05) | 0.978 |
| Tetracosanic acid 24:0 | 1.46 (0.81–2.62) | 0.206 | 1.50 (0.84–2.67) | 0.167 | 1.50 (0.74–3.03) | 0.261 |
| MUFA | ||||||
| Palmitoleic acid 16:1n − 7 | 1.23 (0.77–1.96) | 0.395 | 1.03 (0.63–1.66) | 0.920 | 0.63 (0.33–1.20) | 0.160 |
| Cis vaccenic acid 18:1n − 7 | 1.54 (0.62–3.82) | 0.355 | 1.84 (0.68–4.97) | 0.231 | 1.43 (0.42–4.86) | 0.569 |
| Oleic acid 18:1n − 9 | 2.45 (1.23–4.88) | 0.011 | 1.58 (0.75–3.32) | 0.229 | 1.59 (0.57–4.44) | 0.379 |
| 11 − eicosenoic acid 20:1n − 9 | 1.24 (0.84–1.84) | 0.285 | 1.19 (0.78–1.81) | 0.413 | 1.61 (0.87–2.98) | 0.131 |
| Nervonic acid 24:1n − 9 | 1.19 (0.70–2.02) | 0.519 | 1.54 (0.91–2.60) | 0.104 | 2.04 (1.05–3.96) | 0.035 |
| n − 6 PUFA | ||||||
| LA 18:2n − 6c | 0.72 (0.39–1.36) | 0.314 | 1.23 (0.64–2.37) | 0.527 | 2.32 (0.99–5.41) | 0.052 |
| DGLA 20:3n − 6 | 0.78 (0.45–1.37) | 0.388 | 0.76 (0.43–1.35) | 0.350 | 1.18 (0.63–2.23) | 0.603 |
| AA 20:4n − 6 | 0.74 (0.38–1.46) | 0.388 | 0.79 (0.41–1.51) | 0.418 | 1.40 (0.65–3.00) | 0.388 |
| Adrenic acid 22:4n − 6 | 1.13 (0.60–2.13) | 0.701 | 1.32 (0.76–2.30) | 0.322 | 1.92 (0.96–3.87) | 0.067 |
| n − 3 PUFA | ||||||
| ALA 18:3n − 3d | 0.85 (0.57–1.28) | 0.445 | 0.85 (0.57–1.25) | 0.399 | 1.14 (0.72–1.80) | 0.583 |
| EPA 20:5n − 3 | 0.67 (0.49–0.91) | 0.011 | 0.82 (0.61–1.10) | 0.190 | 0.73 (0.51–1.05) | 0.090 |
| DPA 22:5n − 3 | 0.43 (0.25–0.74) | 0.002 | 0.66 (0.41–1.06) | 0.082 | 0.83 (0.43–1.62) | 0.585 |
| DHA 22:6n − 3 | 0.97 (0.58–1.65) | 0.919 | 0.87 (0.52–1.46) | 0.604 | 0.99 (0.57–1.73) | 0.976 |
| Other | ||||||
| CLA 18:2n − 7 ct/tc10,12 | 1.00 (0.77–1.30) | 0.985 | 0.89 (0.70–1.14) | 0.369 | 0.66 (0.47–0.94) | 0.021 |
| DMA16 | 0.98 (0.46–2.08) | 0.954 | 1.13 (0.51–2.53) | 0.758 | 1.28 (0.50–3.30) | 0.612 |
| DMA18 | 0.75 (0.32–1.78) | 0.518 | 0.94 (0.35–2.53) | 0.899 | 2.03 (0.59–6.98) | 0.260 |
| Ratio n − 6:n − 3 PUFA | 1.01 (0.91–1.11) | 0.908 | 1.09 (0.94–1.26) | 0.260 | 1.20 (1.01–1.41) | 0.036 |
aConditional logistic regression analysis with centered log-ratio transformed variables (except for the ratio of sum n − 6 and sum n − 3) was adjusted for HLA genotype DR3/4, ancestry (PC1 and PC2), and weight z-score.
bDocosanoid acid (22:0) showed interaction with breastfeeding at 3 months of age (p = 0.027).
cLA showed interaction with any breastfeeding at 3 months of age (p = 0.038).
dALA showed interaction with any breastfeeding at 3 months of age (p = 0.024).