Table 3.
The difference between fatty acid status of breastfed and not breastfed children at the age of 3 and 6 months in TEDDY nested case–control study.
| At 3 months | At 6 months | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter estimate (SE) | p valuea | Parameter estimate (SE) | p valuea | |
| SFA | ||||
| Myristic acid 14:0 | − 0.11 (0.02) | < 0.0001 | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.090 |
| Pentadecanoic acid 15:0 | 0.21 (0.02) | < 0.0001 | 0.22 (0.02) | < 0.0001 |
| Palmitic acid 16:0 | − 0.25 (0.01) | < 0.0001 | − 0.19 (0.01) | < 0.0001 |
| Heptadecanoic acid 17:0 | 0.09 (0.02) | < 0.0001 | 0.14 (0.01) | < 0.0001 |
| iso − heptadecanoic acid i17:0 | 0.91 (0.03) | < 0.0001 | 0.78 (0.03) | < 0.0001 |
| Stearic acid 18:0 | − 0.12 (0.01) | < 0.0001 | − 0.09 (0.01) | < 0.0001 |
| Eicosanoid acid 20:0 | − 0.29 (0.02) | < 0.0001 | − 0.24 (0.02) | < 0.0001 |
| Docosanoic acid 22:0 | − 0.18 (0.02) | < 0.0001 | − 0.14 (0.02) | < 0.0001 |
| Tetracosanic acid 24:0 | − 0.22 (0.02) | < 0.0001 | − 0.18 (0.02) | < 0.0001 |
| MUFA | ||||
| Palmitoleic acid 16:1n − 7 | 0.34 (0.03) | < 0.0001 | 0.22 (0.02) | < 0.0001 |
| Cis vaccenic acid 18:1n − 7 | 0.10 (0.01) | < 0.0001 | 0.06 (0.01) | < 0.0001 |
| Oleic acid 18:1n − 9 | − 0.25 (0.01) | < 0.0001 | − 0.21 (0.01) | < 0.0001 |
| 11 − eicosenoic acid 20:1n − 9 | − 0.32 (0.03) | < 0.0001 | − 0.32 (0.02) | < 0.0001 |
| Nervonic acid 24:1n − 9 | − 0.34 (0.02) | < 0.0001 | − 0.28 (0.02) | < 0.0001 |
| n − 6 PUFA | ||||
| LA 18:2n − 6 | − 0.34 (0.02) | < 0.0001 | − 0.28 (0.01) | < 0.0001 |
| DGLA 20:3n − 6 | − 0.04 (0.02) | 0.042 | − 0.09 (0.02) | < 0.0001 |
| AA 20:4n − 6 | − 0.08 (0.02) | < 0.0001 | − 0.11 (0.01) | < 0.0001 |
| Adrenic acid 22:4n − 6 | − 0.26 (0.02) | < 0.0001 | − 0.29 (0.02) | < 0.0001 |
| n − 3 PUFA | ||||
| ALA 18:3n − 3 | − 0.37 (0.03) | < 0.0001 | − 0.34 (0.02) | < 0.0001 |
| EPA 20:5n − 3 | 0.57 (0.05) | < 0.0001 | 0.48 (0.04) | < 0.0001 |
| DPA 22:5n − 3 | 0.31 (0.02) | < 0.0001 | 0.32 (0.02) | < 0.0001 |
| DHA 22:6n − 3 | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.118 | − 0.01 (0.02) | 0.679 |
| Other | ||||
| CLA 18:2n − 7 ct/tc10,12 | 0.82 (0.04) | < 0.0001 | 0.73 (0.03) | < 0.0001 |
| DMA16 | − 0.16 (0.01) | < 0.0001 | − 0.16 (0.01) | < 0.0001 |
| DMA18 | − 0.06 (0.01) | < 0.0001 | − 0.06 (0.01) | < 0.0001 |
| Ratio n − 6:n − 3 PUFA | − 1.36 (0.12) | < 0.0001 | − 1.09 (0.07) | < 0.0001 |
aThe difference between fatty acid status of breastfed and not breastfed children at the age of 3 and 6 month was tested by fitting a linear regression model for CLR transformed fatty acid (except for the ratio of sum n − 6 and sum n − 3), adjusted for case–control status.