Fig. 1.

Breeding procedures compared in the simulation. GPS: general phenotypic selection, PSP: self-crossing phenotypic selection, GGS: general genomic selection, IGS: inbreeding avoiding genomic selection, GGS_S: GGS with shortening of generation time, IGS_S: IGS with shortening of generation time, GGS_SU: GGS combining shortening of generation time with updating of the prediction model, IGS_SU: IGS combining shortening of generation time with updating of the prediction model. In GGS, IGS, GGS_SU, and IGS_SU, the prediction model was updated (i.e., re-estimated) in generations indicated by “updating model”. The label “cycle” with the numbers in the boxes indicate the breeding population in each selection schemes. The hollow arrows indicate the timing of selection procedure using prediction models.