Table 1.

Reported cases of SARS-CoV-2-related transverse myelitis.

Case report	Size-location	SARS-CO-V2	HHV6	Other viruses	Oligoclonal bands	MOG-IgG	AQP4-IgG	Treatment	Outcome
Munz et al., 2020	Short segment – thoracic	Positive pharyngeal PCR, Negative CSF PCR	Negative CSF PCR	Negative HSV CSF PCR	Negative	Negative	Negative	Steroids	Full recovery
Zachariadis et al., 2020	Short segment – thoracic	Negative nasopharyngeal PCR, positive IgG and IgM on serology	Negative in serum, not reported in CSF	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative	IVIG, steroids	Partial recovery
Sotoca and Rodríguez-Álvarez, 2020	Longitudinally extensive from the medulla to the thoracic cord	Positive oropharyngeal PCR, Negative CSF PCR	Negative serum and CSF PCR	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative	Plasma exchange, steroids	Partial recovery
Sarma and Bilello, 2020	Longitudinally extensive from the medulla to the conus	Positive oropharyngeal PCR, Negative CSF PCR	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Plasma exchange and steroids	Partial recovery
Valiuddin et al., 2020	Longitudinally extensive – cervical	Positive nasopharyngeal PCR, Negative CSF PCR	Not reported	Not reported	Negative	Negative in CSF	Not reported	Steroids and plasma exchange	Partial recovery (little improvement)
Alketbi et al., 2020	Longitudinally extensive from the cervical cord to the conus	Positive nasopharyngeal PCR, CSF not reported	Not reported	Negative - Serum HSV 1 and 2, adenovirus, EBV, CMV and HIV	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Steroids	Partial recovery
Baghbanian and Namazi, 2020	Longitudinally extensive thoracic	Positive nasopharyngeal PCR, Negative CSF PCR	Not reported	Negative -CSF PCR for CMV and HSV	Negative	Negative	Negative	Plasma exchange	Partial recovery
Chow et al., 2020	Longitudinally extensive – thoracic	Positive nasopharyngeal PCR, Negative CSF PCR	Not reported	Negative - Serology for EBV, CMV, HIV, hepatitis B and C	Negative	Negative	Negative	steroids	Full recovery
Chakraborty et al., 2020	Short segment - thoracic	Positive nasopharyngeal PCR, negative CSF PCR	Not reported	Negative - serology for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV I and II	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Steroids	N/A – died of respiratory failure 1 day after treatment
Abdelhady et al., 2020	Longitudinally extensive – thoracic	Positive nasopharyngeal PCR, Negative CSF PCR	Not reported	Negative - hepatitis B and C, herpes simplex viruses	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Steroids+ acyclovir	N/A – died 2 days after MRI from cardiac arrest
Saberi et al., 2020	Longitudinally extensive- cervical	Negative nasopharyngeal PCR, “suspicious” CSF PCR	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Negative	Negative	Steroids	No improvement
Lisnic et al., 2020	Longitudinally extensive – cervical and thoracic	Positive pharyngeal PCR, CSF not reported	Not reported	Negative - Serum and CSF HSV 1,2,6, CMV, EBV,	Negative	Negative	Negative	Steroids and Plasma Exchange	Full recovery
Zhao et al., 2020	Uncertain – sensory level at T10 with bowel and bladder incontinence and LE paralysis but no spinal MRI was done	Positive nasopharyngeal PCR, CSF not reported	Not reported	Negative - EBV IgM, influenza B virus IgM, adenovirus IgM, coxsackievirus IgM, influenza A virus IgM, parainfluenza virus IgM, CMV IgM, RSV IgM	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Steroids, IVIG, antivirals, antibiotics	Partial Recovery
Zhou et al., 2020	Longitudinally extensive – cervical and thoracic	Positive nasopharyngeal PCR, Negative CSF PCR	Not reported	Negative	Positive	Positive	Negative	Steroids	Full recovery

Short segment less than three spinal levels (e.g. C5-C6).

Longitudinally extensive more than three spinal levels (e.g. from C2 to T12).