Table 3.
Antifungal treatment and outcome
| Deaths |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | n | % | n | Proportion of respective cohort | Proportion all cases (n = 59) |
| Prophylactic agent | 9 | 15.3% | 3 | 33.3% | 5.1% |
| Amphotericin B | 5 | 8.5% | 2 | 40.0% | 3.4% |
| Caspofungin | 1 | 1.7% | 1 | 100.0% | 1.7% |
| Fluconazole | 1 | 1.7% | 0 | – | – |
| Itraconazole | 2 | 3.4% | 0 | – | – |
| Voriconazole | 1 | 1.7% | 0 | – | – |
| Breakthrough IFI | 8 | 13.6% | 3 | 37.5% | 5.1% |
| Systemic antifungal therapya | 52 | 88.1% | 12 | 23.1% | 20.3% |
| Amphotericin B | 39 | 66.1% | 11 | 28.2% | 18.6% |
| Triazoles | 31 | 52.5% | 7 | 22.6% | 11.9% |
| Fluconazole | 7 | 11.9% | 1 | 14.3% | 1.7% |
| Itraconazole | 15 | 25.4% | 2 | 13.3% | 3.4% |
| Posaconazole | 8 | 13.6% | 4 | 50.0% | 6.8% |
| Voriconazole | 6 | 10.2% | 1 | 16.7% | 1.7% |
| Echinocandins | 5 | 8.5% | 0 | – | – |
| Anidulafungin | 1 | 1.7% | 0 | – | – |
| Caspofungin | 4 | 6.8% | 0 | – | – |
| Other antifungal agent | 8 | 13.6% | 1 | 12.5% | 1.7% |
| Flucytosine | 3 | 5.1% | 0 | – | – |
| Ketoconazole | 5 | 8.5% | 1 | 20.0% | 1.7% |
| Treatment days, median (IQR) | 35 (28-91) | ||||
| Non-systemic therapy | 2 | 3.4% | 1 | 50.0% | 1.7% |
| Local amphotericin B | 1 | 1.7% | 1 | 100.0% | 1.7% |
| Local fluconazole | 1 | 1.7% | 0 | – | – |
| G-CSF | 3 | 5.1% | 1 | 33.3% | 1.7% |
| Granulocyte infusion | 1 | 1.7% | 0 | – | – |
| Treatment sequence | |||||
| Combination single | 3 | 5.1% | 0 | – | – |
| Combination sequential | 2 | 3.4% | 0 | – | – |
| Monotherapy + combination | 6 | 10.2% | 1 | 16.7% | 1.7% |
| Monotherapy single | 23 | 39.0% | 5 | 21.7% | 8.5% |
| Monotherapy sequential | 18 | 30.5% | 6 | 33.3% | 10.2% |
| No treatment | 5 | 8.5% | 4 | 80.0% | 6.8% |
| Combinations | |||||
| Amphotericin B plus azole | 7 | 11.9% | 1 | 14.3% | 1.7% |
| Amphotericin B plus echinocandin | 3 | 5.1% | 0 | – | – |
| Azoles plus other antifungal agent | 3 | 5.1% | 0 | – | – |
| Antifungal surgery | 15 | 25.4% | 3 | 20.0% | 5.1% |
| Removal of indwelling devices | |||||
| Catheter removal | 21 | 35.6% | 3 | 14.3% | 5.1% |
| Prosthesis replacement | 4 | 6.8% | 2 | 50.0% | 3.4% |
| Removal Double J stent | 1 | 1.7% | 0 | – | – |
| Ventriculoperitoneal shunt removal | 1 | 1.7% | 1 | 100.0% | 1.7% |
| Overall mortality | |||||
| Deaths | 17 | 28.8% | |||
| Unknown | 1 | 1.7% | |||
| Death attributed to IFI | 10 | 58.8% | 16.9% | ||
| Autopsy | 5 | 29.4% | 8.5% | ||
| Death before or on day 42 | 14 | 82.4% | 23.7% | ||
| Death before or on day 90 | 16 | 94.1% | 27.1% | ||
| Date of death unknown | 1 | 5.9% | 1.7% | ||
| Observation time (days), median (IQR) | 58 (19–180) | ||||
G-CSF, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; IFI, invasive fungal infection.
a
Data may be superadditive.