Table 3.
Outcomes of COVID-19 in the Danish COVID-IMID cohort.
| Overall | Rheumatological | p-value | Gastrointestinal | p-value | Dermatological | p-value | Multiple | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 symptoms | 328 | 184 | 90 | 60 | 19 | |||||
| 268 | ||||||||||
| No symptoms | N (%) | 14 (4.3) | 9 (4.9) | 0.53 | 3 (3.3) | 0.61 | 3 (5.0) | 0.76 | 1 (5.9) | 0.83 |
| Fever | N (%) | 103 (31.4) | 57 (31.0) | 0.85 | 31 (34.4) | 0.47 | 15 (25.0) | 0.24 | 2 (11.8) | 0.04 |
| Cough | N (%) | 91 (27.7) | 54 (29.3) | 0.46 | 26 (28.9) | 0.78 | 13 (21.7) | 0.24 | 4 (23.5) | 0.50 |
| Shortness of breath | N (%) | 52 (15.9) | 37 (20.1) | 0.02 | 11 (12.2) | 0.27 | 5 (8.3) | 0.08 | 2 (11.8) | 0.51 |
| Muscle pain or arthralgia | N (%) | 48 (16.3) | 29 (15.8) | 0.51 | 16 (17.8) | 0.32 | 6 (10.0) | 0.26 | 3 (17.6) | 0.88 |
| Tiredness | N (%) | 52 (15.9) | 35 (19.0) | 0.08 | 12 (13.3) | 0.44 | 6 (10.0) | 0.17 | 1 (5.9) | 0.19 |
| Headaches | N (%) | 36 (11.0) | 18 (19.8) | 0.43 | 15 (16.7) | 0.04 | 4 (6.7) | 0.24 | 2 (11.8) | 0.95 |
| Vomiting | N (%) | 7 (2.1) | 3 (1.6) | 0.48 | 1 (1.1) | 0.43 | 3 (5.0) | 0.09 | 0 | NA |
| Sore throat | N (%) | 31 (9.5) | 19 (10.3) | 0.54 | 9 (10.0) | 0.83 | 4 (6.7) | 0.41 | 2 (11.8) | 0.87 |
| Nausea | N (%) | 17 (5.2) | 9 (4.9) | 0.79 | 5 (5.6) | 0.85 | 3 (5.0) | 0.94 | 0 | NA |
| Diarrhea | N (%) | 21 (6.4) | 11 (6.0) | 0.72 | 6 (6.7) | 0.90 | 4 (6.7) | 0.93 | 0 | NA |
| Anosmia and/or ageusia | N (%) | 11 (3.4) | 8 (4.3) | 0.26 | 4 (4.4) | 0.50 | 1 (1.7) | 0.42 | 3 (17.6) | < 0.01 |
| Abdominal pain | N (%) | 9 (2.7) | 6 (3.3) | 0.52 | 2 (2.2) | 0.72 | 1 (1.7) | 0.57 | 0 | NA |
| Rhinorrhea | N (%) | 6 (1.8) | 3 (1.6) | 0.76 | 1 (1.1) | 0.55 | 2 (3.3) | 0.34 | 0 | NA |
| Nasal congestion | N (%) | 5 (1.5) | 2 (1.1) | 0.47 | 3 (3.3) | 0.10 | 0 | NA | 0 | NA |
| Shivers | N (%) | 6 (1.8) | 4 (2.2) | 0.60 | 1 (1.1) | 0.55 | 1 (1.7) | 0.92 | 0 | NA |
| Sneezing | N (%) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.5) | NA | 0 | NA | 0 | NA | 0 | NA |
| COVID-19 disease course | ||||||||||
| Hospitalization | N (%) | 102 (31.1) | 77 (41.8) | < 0.01 | 15 (16.7) | < 0.01 | 11 (18.3) | 0.02 | 3 (17.6) | 0.14 |
| Length | median days (IQR) | 7 (3–14) | 8 (3–14) | 5 (3–8) | 8 (2–14) | 2 (2–6) | < 0.01 | |||
| Use of supplementary oxygen | N (%) | 54 (16.5) | 42 (22.8) | < 0.01 | 10 (11.1) | 0.11 | 3 (5.0) | < 0.01 | 1 (5.9) | 0.17 |
| Medical therapy | N (%) | 52 (15.9) | 41 (22.3) | < 0.01 | 7 (7.8) | 0.01 | 4 (6.7) | 0.03 | 0 | NA |
| Piperacillin and tazobactam (combination) | N (%) | 34 (10.4) | 26 (14.1) | 0.01 | 6 (6.7) | 0.18 | 2 (3.3) | 0.04 | 0 | NA |
| Penicillins | N (%) | 27 (8.2) | 24 (13.0) | < 0.01 | 2 (2.2) | 0.01 | 1 (1.7) | 0.04 | 0 | NA |
| Corticosteroids | N (%) | 6 (1.8) | 4 (2.2) | 0.60 | 2 (2.2) | 0.74 | 0 | NA | 0 | NA |
| Remdesivir | N (%) | 6 (1.8) | 5 (2.7) | 0.17 | 1 (1.1) | 0.55 | 0 | NA | 0 | NA |
| Hydroxychloroquine | N (%) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.5) | NA | 0 | NA | 0 | NA | 0 | NA |
| ICU level | N (%) | 14 (4.3) | 11 (6.0) | 0.08 | 2 (2.2) | 0.26 | 2 (3.3) | 0.69 | 0 | NA |
| Noninvasive ventilation | N (%) | 27 (8.2) | 19 (10.3) | 0.12 | 5 (5.6) | 0.28 | 4 (6.7) | 0.63 | 1 (5.9) | 0.63 |
| Mechanical ventilation | N (%) | 11 (3.4) | 9 (4.9) | 0.08 | 2 (2.2) | 0.48 | 0 | NA | 0 | NA |
| Deemed inappropriate to treat | N (%) | 7 (2.1) | 5 (2.7) | 0.41 | 5 (5.6) | < 0.01 | 1 (1.7) | 0.78 | 0 | NA |
| COVID-19-related death | N (%) | 32 (9.8) | 25 (13.6) | < 0.01 | 5 (5.6) | 0.11 | 3 (5.0) | 0.17 | 1 (5.9) | 0.50 |
IMIDs, immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. ICU, intensive care unit.
Bold p-values indicate statistical significance.