. 2021 Feb 11;4(2):e2036676. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.36676

Table 3. Association Between Caregiver Strain and Diabetes Self-Care Health Behaviors Among REGARDS Participants With Diabetes Who Were Caregivers.

Caregiver strain	Prevalence ratio (95% CI)
Caregiver strain	Unadjusted	Model 1^a	Model 2^b	Model 3^c	Model 4^d	Model 5^e	Model 6^f
High physical activity
No strain	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Some strain	0.91 (0.71-1.17)	0.95 (0.73-1.22)	0.95 (0.74-1.22)	0.95 (0.74-1.23)	0.97 (0.76-1.25)	0.95 (0.74-1.22)	0.95 (0.73-1.22)
High strain	0.66 (0.45-0.97)	0.70 (0.47-1.03)	0.73 (0.50-1.06)	0.75 (0.51-1.09)	0.77 (0.53-1.13)	0.72 (0.49-1.06)	0.71 (0.47-1.08)
High Mediterranean diet adherence
No strain	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Some strain	1.59 (1.06-2.39)	1.70 (1.13-2.58)	1.80 (1.19-2.71)	1.80 (1.19-2.71)	1.87 (1.25-2.81)	1.94 (1.27-2.97)	1.90 (1.24-2.92)
High strain	1.27 (0.75-2.16)	1.38 (0.81-2.36)	1.48 (0.88-2.50)	1.50 (0.88-2.54)	1.64 (0.97-2.78)	1.81 (1.04-3.15)	1.75 (0.98-3.11)
Not currently smoking
No strain	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Some strain	1.01 (0.95-1.07)	1.01 (0.95-1.07)	1.01 (0.95-1.07)	1.01 (0.95-1.07)	1.01 (0.95-1.07)	1.01 (0.95-1.08)	1.02 (0.96-1.08)
High strain	0.99 (0.92-1.07)	0.98 (0.90-1.06)	0.98 (0.91-1.07)	0.99 (0.91-1.07)	0.99 (0.91-1.07)	0.99 (0.91-1.07)	1.02 (0.93-1.11)
High medication adherence
No strain	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Some strain	0.86 (0.77-0.96)	0.86 (0.76-0.96)	0.87 (0.77-0.97)	0.86 (0.77-0.96)	0.86 (0.77-0.97)	0.88 (0.78-0.99)	0.88 (0.78-0.99)
High strain	0.80 (0.68-0.94)	0.79 (0.67-0.93)	0.81 (0.68-0.95)	0.81 (0.68-0.95)	0.81 (0.68-0.95)	0.83 (0.70-0.99)	0.83 (0.69-0.99)

Abbreviation: REGARDS, Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke.

^{^a}

Model 1 was adjusted for sociodemographic data (age, sex, race, education, income, and geographic region).

^{^b}

Model 2 adjusted for the variables in model 1 plus medical conditions (history of heart disease, hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia) and physical health.

^{^c}

Model 3 adjusted for the variables in model 2 plus social support (marital status, social network).

^{^d}

Model 4 adjusted for the variables in model 3 plus caregiver strain data (living with care recipient, relationship to care recipient).

^{^e}

Model 5 adjusted for variables in model 4 plus hours spent caregiving.

^{^f}

Model 6 adjusted for variables in model 5 plus mental health (12-item Short Form Health Survey, Mental Composite Summary Score), depressive symptoms (the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale), and perceived stress (4-item Perceived Stress Scale).