Table 1.

Summary of elements needed to strengthen co-production

	Training	Resources	Engagement
Researchers and academic institutions	Develop training programmes adapted to co-production methods	Provide resources and infrastructure for the development of institutional partnerships	Institutionalise engagement mechanisms with stakeholders, including policy makers and social organisations
	Foster multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary training
		Develop guidelines and methods for co-production
		Provide key frameworks for the establishment of equitable partnerships
	Provide cross-cultural, communication and advocacy training
Funders	Support training programmes and invite non-academic participants to participate	Ensure adequate time is available to include co-production throughout the development and conduct of research projects	Include lay people within decision making processes
			Fund engagement mechanisms and platforms with policy makers and social organisations
		Adequately fund projects in line with local needs
		Support the development of partnerships beyond (and in addition to) one-off projects
		Support the development of new approaches and methods in co-production