Table 2.
Association between NC and obstructive sleep apnea among children with SCD
| Neurologic complication | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NIMV not included | NIMV included | |||
| Predictors | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value |
| Age | ||||
| 0–4 years | 0.51 (0.41–0.63) | <0.0001 | 0.51 (0.41–0.63) | <0.0001 |
| 5–9 years | 1.08 (0.90–1.31) | 0.408 | 1.08 (0.89–1.31) | 0.421 |
| 10–14 years | 1.13 (0.94–1.37) | 0.182 | 1.13 (0.94–1.36) | 0.193 |
| 15–18 years | Ref | Ref | ||
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 0.99 (0.85–1.15) | 0.874 | 0.99 (0.85–1.16) | 0.887 |
| Black | 0.98 (0.82–1.17) | 0.822 | 0.99 (0.83–1.18) | 0.899 |
| Insurance | ||||
| Public | Ref | Ref | ||
| Private | 0.86 (0.70–1.04) | 0.128 | 0.86 (0.71–1.05) | 0.130 |
| Others | 0.92 (0.74–1.15) | 0.459 | 0.92 (0.74–1.15) | 0.473 |
| Median household income | ||||
| 0–25% | Ref | Ref | ||
| 26–50% | 1.08 (0.87–1.34) | 0.487 | 1.08 (0.87–1.34) | 0.490 |
| 51–75% | 1.11 (0.89–1.39) | 0.346 | 1.11 (0.89–1.38) | 0.359 |
| 76–100% | 1.11 (0.89–1.41) | 0.336 | 1.12 (0.89–1.40) | 0.341 |
| Season | ||||
| Spring | Ref | Ref | ||
| Summer | 1.16 (1.03–1.31) | 0.013 | 1.16 (1.03–1.31) | 0.012 |
| Fall | 1.17 (1.02–1.33) | 0.021 | 1.17 (1.02–1.33) | 0.022 |
| Winter | 1.00 (0.89–1.13) | 0.989 | 1.00 (0.89–1.13) | 0.949 |
| Hospital region | ||||
| Northeast | Ref | Ref | ||
| Midwest | 1.11 (0.83–1.48) | 0.475 | 1.12 (0.84–1.50) | 0.424 |
| South | 0.99 (0.76–1.27) | 0.909 | 0.99 (0.77–1.28) | 0.946 |
| West | 1.17 (0.84–1.64) | 0.360 | 1.19 (0.85–1.67) | 0.310 |
| Hospital size | ||||
| Small | Ref | Ref | ||
| Medium | 1.04 (0.75–1.44) | 0.831 | 1.04 (0.75–1.45) | 0.824 |
| Large | 1.30 (0.98–1.72) | 0.067 | 1.30 (0.98–1.71) | 0.071 |
| Asthma | 1.14 (0.96–1.35) | 0.138 | 1.13 (0.95–1.34) | 0.164 |
| HTN | 2.60 (1.66–4.08) | <0.0001 | 2.58 (1.65–4.05) | <0.0001 |
| Obesity | 0.98 (0.47–2.05) | 0.957 | 0.93 (0.44–1.97) | 0.859 |
| Congenital heart diseases | 5.69 (3.53–9.19) | <0.0001 | 5.50 (3.38–8.95) | <0.0001 |
| Coagulopathy | 5.78 (3.15–10.61) | <0.0001 | 5.65 (3.06–10.45) | <0.0001 |
| SS SCA | 1.35 (1.11–1.64) | 0.003 | 1.36 (1.12–1.65) | 0.002 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 1.50 (1.02–2.21) | 0.039 | 1.39 (0.94–2.05) | 0.100 |
| Central sleep apnea | 17.12 (1.32–222.89) | 0.030 | 17.49 (1.30–234.88) | 0.031 |
| AT | 0.48 (0.24–0.94) | 0.032 | 0.51 (0.26–1.01) | 0.052 |
| NIMV | N/A | N/A | 2.66 (1.46–4.84) | 0.001 |
| Transfusion | 1.84 (1.57–2.16) | <0.0001 | 1.81 (1.54–2.12) | <0.0001 |
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; HTN, hypertension; IDA, iron deficiency; NIMV, noninvasive mechanical ventilation; AT, adenotonsillectomy; SCD, sickle cell disease; ACS, acute chest syndrome; VOC, vaso-occlusion crisis.