Table 1.
Sample and dental service utilisation characteristics among 18–69 year-old persons in Sudan, 2016
| Variable | Sample | Dental service utilisation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never | > 12 months | ≤ 12 months | ||
| N (%) | % | % | % | |
| All | 7722 | 64.6 | 22.0 | 13.4 |
| Predisposing factors | ||||
| Age group (in years) | ||||
| 18–34 | 3454 (57.7) | 72.9 | 15.7 | 11.4 |
| 35–49 | 2474 (26.5) | 56.4 | 28.0 | 15.5 |
| 50–69 | 1794 (15.8) | 48.0 | 34.7 | 17.3 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 5016 (64.9) | 57.5 | 25.9 | 16.6 |
| Male | 2707 (35.1) | 70.6 | 18.7 | 10.7 |
| Education | ||||
| Cannot write nor read | 3272 (33.8) | 76.2 | 15.6 | 8.2 |
| Primary or less | 2481 (34.2) | 69.1 | 18.7 | 12.2 |
| More than primary | 1952 (32.0) | 47.6 | 32.2 | 20.2 |
| Household income | ||||
| ≤ 500 | 1326 (18.6) | 75.3 | 14.0 | 10.7 |
| ≤ 1000 | 2632 (32.9) | 68.0 | 20.2 | 11.8 |
| ≤ 2000 | 1949 (24.3) | 51.3 | 31.9 | 16.8 |
| > 2000 | 727 (10.4) | 37.1 | 37.6 | 25.3 |
| Do not know | 1025 (13.7) | 84.8 | 37.6 | 6.7 |
| Enabling factors | ||||
| Urban residence | 2593 (37.1) | 46.6 | 32.8 | 20.6 |
| Advised to not smoke by health care worker | 609 (8.5) | 61.4 | 19.6 | 19.0 |
| Ever screened for blood pressure | 3446 (39.0) | 43.9 | 34.4 | 21.8 |
| Ever screened for glucose | 1397 (14.6) | 33.2 | 39.2 | 27.2 |
| Ever screened for cholesterol | 457 (5.2) | 35.0 | 38.8 | 26.2 |
| Health and lifestyle factors | ||||
| Hypertension | 2710 (31.5) | 57.1 | 27.6 | 15.3 |
| Raised total cholesterol | 1229 (13.7) | 44.2 | 34.4 | 21.3 |
| Diabetes | 515 (5.9) | 41.1 | 39.4 | 19.5 |
| Overweight/obesity | 2455 (28.3) | 46.8 | 33.2 | 20.0 |
| Teeth cleaning (≥ twice/day) | 4775 (63.2) | 64.8 | 22.0 | 13.2 |
| Uses toothpaste | 6731 (87.5) | 61.8 | 23.6 | 14.6 |
| Tobacco smoking | ||||
| Never | 6964 (85.4) | 65.1 | 21.6 | 13.2 |
| Past | 295 (5.0) | 56.8 | 27.5 | 15.7 |
| Current | 463 (9.6) | 64.2 | 22.1 | 13.7 |
| Current smokeless tobacco use | 458 (7.9) | 64.5 | 22.6 | 12.9 |
| Fruit/vegetable intake (< 5 servings/day) | 7220 (94.7) | 65.0 | 21.8 | 13.3 |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Low | 1827 (21.2) | 57.2 | 28.0 | 14.8 |
| Moderate | 2023 (23.7) | 59.7 | 24.5 | 15.8 |
| High | 3771 (55.1) | 69.2 | 18.9 | 11.9 |
| Need factors | ||||
| Poor self-rated oral health | 1766 (20.2) | 38.5 | 34.4 | 27.2 |
| Pain in teeth/mouth (past year) | 2060 (23.1) | 33.2 | 27.9 | 38.9 |
| Teeth (≥ 20) | 6533 (89.2) | 66.0 | 21.2 | 12.8 |
| OHI chewing | 1594 (17.5) | 35.9 | 28.6 | 35.5 |
| OHI embarrassed | 330 (3.5) | 35.9 | 28.8 | 35.3 |
| OHI not work | 469 (6.1) | 44.4 | 27.0 | 28.6 |
OHI = Oral Health Impact