Table 2.
Comparisons of scores between groups over time using a linear mixed model (N=125).
| Variables and groups | Baseline (T0) | Week 12 (T1)a | Week 20 (T2)a | Group | Time | Time × group | ||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | F value (P value) | F value (P value) | F value (P value) | |||
| Self-rating Anxiety Scale | ||||||||
|
|
Control (n=60) | 49.52 (7.78) | 47.85 (8.02) | 46.53 (7.67) | 4.906 (.03) | 93.760 (<.001) | 14.219 (<.001) | |
|
|
WBPTb (n=65) | 48.65 (6.53) | 44.44 (6.63) | 42.64 (6.32) | N/Ac | N/A | N/A | |
| Self-rating Depression Scale | ||||||||
|
|
Control (n=60) | 49.13 (7.66) | 47.69 (7.38) | 46.36 (7.33) | 4.457 (.04) | 154.830 (<.001) | 26.563 (<.001) | |
|
|
WBPT (n=65) | 48.24 (7.72) | 44.09 (7.80) | 42.32 (7.60) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
| Parenting Stress Index-Short Form | ||||||||
|
|
Parenting distress | |||||||
|
|
|
Control (n=60) | 35.49 (3.23) | 34.88 (2.95) | 35.45 (3.96) | 4.083 (.045) | 53.994 (<.001) | 38.792 (<.001) |
|
|
|
WBPT (n=65) | 36.31 (4.29) | 33.57 (3.97) | 32.09 (3.62) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
|
Parent-child dysfunctional interaction | |||||||
|
|
|
Control (n=60) | 34.88 (2.95) | 32.31 (3.07) | 33.60 (3.78) | 6.350 (.01) | 34.508 (<.001) | 60.743 (<.001) |
|
|
|
WBPT (n=65) | 33.57 (3.97) | 30.48 (4.46) | 28.80 (4.14) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
|
Difficult child | |||||||
|
|
|
Control (n=60) | 35.45 (3.96) | 34.01 (3.40) | 34.82 (4.07) | 2.507 (.12) | 11.629 (<.001) | .741 (.45) |
|
|
|
WBPT (n=65) | 32.09 (3.62) | 32.74 (4.63) | 33.52 (4.28) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
|
Parenting Stress Index-Short Form total score | |||||||
|
|
|
Control (n=60) | 101.56 (6.77) | 98.22 (8.59) | 103.88 (6.82) | 8.176 (.005) | 69.315 (<.001) | 68.572 (<.001) |
|
|
|
WBPT (n=65) | 102.92 (10.27) | 92.98 (13.18) | 94.41 (9.17) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Herth Hope Index | ||||||||
|
|
Temporality and future | |||||||
|
|
|
Control (n=60) | 10.75 (1.24) | 9.60 (1.32) | 9.23 (1.41) | 49.276 (<.001) | 1.685 (.12) | 85.808 (<.001) |
|
|
|
WBPT (n=65) | 10.67 (1.27) | 11.53 (1.51) | 12.23 (1.75) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
|
Positive readiness and expectancy | |||||||
|
|
|
Control (n=60) | 11.46 (1.03) | 10.01 (1.44) | 9.70 (1.35) | 74.080 (<.001) | 2.228 (.11) | 89.652 (<.001) |
|
|
|
WBPT (n=65) | 11.28 (1.28) | 12.21 (1.35) | 12.76 (1.44) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
|
Interconnectedness | |||||||
|
|
|
Control (n=60) | 11.25 (1.12) | 10.25 (1.84) | 10.00 (2.02) | 50.344 (<.001) | 5.690 (.004) | 67.373 (<.001) |
|
|
|
WBPT (n=65) | 11.16 (1.33) | 12.42 (1.46) | 13.05 (1.53) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
|
Herth Hope Index total score | |||||||
|
|
|
Control (n=60) | 33.46 (1.92) | 29.86 (3.18) | 28.93 (3.39) | 105.581 (<.001) | 4.787 (.009) | 197.608 (<.001) |
|
|
|
WBPT (n=65) | 33.11 (2.81) | 36.16 (3.22) | 38.04 (3.62) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
aLinear interpolation.
bWBPT: WeChat-based parenting training.
cN/A: not applicable.