Table 1.
Participant characteristics of neonates assessed for hypothermia in northern Uganda
| All participants | Late participants* | Missed participants† | |||
| No hypothermia | Hypothermia | No hypothermia | Hypothermia | Unknown | |
| N=652 | N=678 | N=88 | N=109 | N=241 | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Age of mother | |||||
| ≤19 | 148 (22.7) | 201 (29.7) | 28 (31.8) | 33 (30.3) | 66 (27.4) |
| 20–30 | 367 (56.3) | 347 (51.2) | 48 (54.6) | 56 (51.4) | 121 (50.2) |
| >30 | 137 (21.0) | 130 (19.2) | 12 (13.6) | 20 (18.4) | 54 (22.4) |
| Mother’s education | |||||
| None | 74 (11.4) | 105 (15.5) | 6 (06.8) | 12 (11.0) | 34 (14.1) |
| Primary | 513 (78.7) | 519 (76.6) | 73 (83.0) | 85 (78.0) | 190 (78.8) |
| Secondary | 51 (7.8) | 47 (6.9) | 7 (8.0) | 9 (8.3) | 17 (7.1) |
| Tertiary | 14 (02.2) | 07 (01.0) | 2 (02.3) | 3 (02.8) | – |
| Father’s education | |||||
| None | 14 (2.2) | 11 (1.6) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (0.92) | 6 (2.5) |
| Primary | 377 (57.8) | 416 (61.4) | 52 (59.1) | 55 (50.5) | 151 (62.7) |
| Secondary | 177 (27.2) | 147 (21.7) | 23 (26.1) | 28 (25.7) | 51 (21.2) |
| Tertiary | 41 (6.3) | 38 (5.6) | 4 (4.6) | 8 (7.3) | 12 (5.0) |
| Missing | 43 (6.6) | 66 (9.7) | 8 (9.1) | 17 (15.6) | 21 (8.7) |
| Parity | |||||
| ≤1 | 286 (43.9) | 325 (47.9) | 44 (50.0) | 55 (50.5) | 101 (41.9) |
| 2–4 | 219 (33.6) | 218 (32.2) | 36 (40.9) | 28 (25.7) | 86 (35.7) |
| >4 | 147 (22.6) | 135 (19.9) | 8 (9.1) | 26 (23.9) | 54 (22.4) |
| Place of birth | |||||
| Home | 157 (24.1) | 254 (37.5) | 26 (29.6) | 40 (36.7) | 100 (41.5) |
| Health facility | 495 (75.9) | 424 (62.5) | 62 (70.5) | 69 (63.3) | 141 (58.5) |
| Caesarean section | |||||
| No | 641 (98.3) | 670 (98.8) | 79 (89.8) | 94 (86.2) | 232 (96.3) |
| Yes | 11 (1.7) | 8 (1.2) | 9 (10.2) | 15 (13.8) | 9 (3.7) |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 609 (93.4) | 612 (90.3) | 80 (90.9) | 92 (84.4) | 220 (91.3) |
| Single | 43 (6.6) | 66 (9.7) | 8 (9.1) | 17 (15.6) | 21 (8.7) |
| Electricity | |||||
| Yes | 71 (10.9) | 86 (12.7) | 4 (4.6) | 6 (5.5) | 24 (10.0) |
| No | 581 (89.1) | 592 (87.3) | 84 (95.5) | 103 (94.5) | 217 (90.0) |
| Presence of mobile phone in the household | |||||
| Yes | 346 (53.1) | 363 (53.5) | 42 (47.7) | 53 (48.6) | 159 (66.0) |
| No | 306 (46.9) | 315 (46.5) | 46 (52.3) | 56 (51.4) | 82 (34.0) |
| Source of drinking water | |||||
| Borehole | 319 (48.9) | 340 (50.2) | 54 (61.4) | 58 (53.2) | 138 (57.3) |
| Tap/piped water | 88 (13.5) | 84 (12.4) | 9 (10.2) | 10 (09.2) | 20 (8.3) |
| Protected natural spring | 131 (20.1) | 150 (22.1) | 13 (14.8) | 20 (18.4) | 43 (17.8) |
| Unprotected water source | 114 (17.5) | 104 (15.3) | 12 (13.6) | 21 (19.3) | 40 (16.6) |
| Twin | |||||
| No | 648 (99.4) | 668 (98.5) | 87 (98.9) | 107 (98.2) | 237 (98.3) |
| Yes | 4 (0.61) | 10 (1.5) | 1 (1.1) | 2 (1.8) | 4 (1.7) |
| Low birth weight | |||||
| No | 613 (94.0) | 622 (91.7) | 83 (94.3) | 101 (92.7) | 15 (6.2) |
| Yes | 35 (5.4) | 45 (6.6) | 4 (4.6) | 6 (5.5) | 1 (0.41) |
| Missing | 4 (0.6) | 11 (01.6) | 1 (1.1) | 2 (1.8) | 225 (93.4) |
| Wealth quintiles | |||||
| 1 (poorest) | 146 (22.4) | 140 (20.7) | 19 (21.6) | 23 (21.1) | 35 (14.5) |
| 2 | 143 (21.9) | 185 (27.3) | 20 (22.7) | 22 (20.2) | 63 (26.1) |
| 3 | 123 (18.9) | 121 (17.9) | 19 (21.6) | 18 (16.5) | 45 (18.7) |
| 4 | 105 (16.1) | 114 (16.8) | 10 (11.4) | 20 (18.4) | 49 (20.3) |
| 5 (richest) | 135 (20.7) | 118 (17.4) | 20 (22.7) | 26 (23.9) | 49 (20.3) |
| Season | |||||
| Wet | 589 (90.3) | 579 (85.4) | 74 (84.1) | 87 (79.8) | 47 (19.5) |
| Dry | 63 (9.7) | 99 (14.6) | 14 (15.9) | 22 (20.2) | 194 (80.5) |
| Baby placed on mother’s chest or abdomen immediately after birth | |||||
| Yes | 547 (83.9) | 548 (80.8) | 68 (77.3) | 76 (69.7) | 163 (67.6) |
| No | 105 (16.1) | 130 (19.2) | 20 (22.7) | 33 (30.3) | 78 (32.4) |
| Clean and dry baby immediately | |||||
| No | 68 (10.4) | 104 (15.3) | 10 (11.4) | 21 (19.3) | 41 (17.0) |
| Yes | 584 (89.6) | 574 (84.7) | 78 (88.6) | 88 (80.7) | 200 (83.0) |
| Bathed baby before visit | |||||
| No | 326 (50.0) | 274 (40.4) | 1 (1.1) | 2 (1.8) | 81 (34.3) |
| Yes | 326 (50.0) | 404 (59.6) | 87 (98.9) | 107 (98.2) | 155 (65.7) |
| Died in first month | |||||
| No | 643 (98.6) | 675 (99.6) | 88 (100.0) | 108 (99.1) | 227 (94.2) |
| Yes | 9 (1.4) | 3 (0.44) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.92) | 14 (5.8) |
| Early breastfeeding initiation | |||||
| No | 208 (31.9) | 257 (37.9) | 35 (39.8) | 58 (53.2) | 110 (48.0) |
| Yes | 444 (68.1) | 421 (62.1) | 53 (60.2) | 51 (46.8) | 119 (52.0) |
*Participants whose temperature was measured after 3 days.
†Missed participants: eligible participants whose temperature was not measured.