Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of survivors
| Patient number | Age (range) | MOI | Admission GCS score (motor), ISS | Time to ROSC, type of arrest | Pupil reactivity | Brain injuries | Follow-up (6 months–1 year) |
Modified Rankin score, GOS-E score |
| 1 | 20s | Motorcycle crash | 6, 45 | Unknown, PEA | Bilateral reactivity | Multicompartmental intracranial hemorrhage. Epidural hematoma. Effacement of suprasellar cisterns. |
Able to walk. Neurologically intact. |
2, 8 |
| 2 | 20s | Motor vehicle collision | 3, 22 | Unknown, unknown | Non-reactive, constricted | Left SAH with bifrontal contusions. Cerebral edema. |
Able to walk. Able to carry out ADLs. |
2, 7 |
| 3 | 10s | Pedestrian struck | 3, 33 | Unknown, PEA |
Bilateral reactivity | Diffuse SAH. Cerebral edema. Sulcal effacement. Basilar cisterns effacement. |
Requires total assistance for ADLs. Dependent on tracheotomy and gastric tube. |
5, 3 |
| 4 | 60s | Pedestrian struck | 8, 26 | 4 min, PEA | Bilateral reactivity | Intracranial hemorrhage. SAH. |
Able to carry out ADLs independently. | 1, 6 |
| 5 | 50s | Motorcycle crash | 6, 42 | 2 min, PEA | Bilateral reactivity | Bilateral SAH. | Able to walk with prosthesis. Able to communicate. Residual right eye vision loss. |
1, 5 |
| 6 | 50s | Motor vehicle collision | 8, 50 | Unknown, asystole | Bilateral reactivity | SAH in posterior right frontal regions. Contusions in anterior frontal lobe. |
Paraplegia but otherwise able to communicate. | 4, 4 |
| 7 | 50s | Motor vehicle collision | 5, 17 | Unknown, unknown | Non-reactive, constricted | Diffuse SAH bilaterally. Intraventricular hemorrhage. |
Non-verbal but followed commands. Quadriplegic. Dependent on tracheotomy and gastric tube. |
4, 3 |
| 8 | 20s | Pedestrian struck | 3, 34 | Unknown, PEA | Bilateral reactivity | Right-sided pneumocephalus. Left frontal lobe hemorrhagic contusion. Bilateral frontal SAH. |
Able to communicate. Regained use of arms. Dependent on tracheotomy and gastric tube. |
4, 4 |
ADLs, activities of daily living; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; GOS-E, Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended; ISS, Injury Severity Score; MOI, mechanism of injury; PEA, pulseless electric activity; ROSC, return to spontaneous circulation; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage.