Table 3.
Neuro-ophthalmic findings of OPNs with autoimmune diseases.
| Diseases | Cases (n) | Age (year) | Sex (n, male/female) | Imaging | Ophthalmic involvement (n) | Unilateral or bilateral involvement (n) | Treatment | Patients of recurrence (n) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Graves' disease | 12 | 32–77 | 7/5 | Orbit MRI | Eye Pain: Vision Loss: 10 Visual field defect: 11 Optic papilledema: 5 |
Unilateral: 3 Bilateral: 9 |
Glucocorticoid | 3 |
| IgG-4 | 10 | 39–80 | 7/3 | Orbit MRI | Eye Pain: 7 Vision Loss: 7 Visual field defect: 9 Optic papilledema: 5 |
Unilateral: 1 Bilateral: 9 |
Glucocorticoid | 2 |
| GAP | 4 | 23–72 | 3/1 | Orbit MRI | Eye Pain: 3 Vision Loss: 4 Visual field defect: 3 Optic papilledema: 4 |
Unilateral: 1 Bilateral: 3 |
Glucocorticoid | 2 |
| SLE | 2 | 29–58 | 0/2 | Orbit MRI | Eye Pain: 0 Vision Loss: 2 Visual field defect: 1 Optic papilledema: 2 |
Bilateral: 2 | Glucocorticoid | 2 |
| Sarcoidosis | 1 | 60 | 0/1 | Orbit MRI | Eye Pain: 1 Vision Loss: 1 Visual field defect: 1 Optic papilledema: 1 |
Bilateral: 1 | Glucocorticoid | 0 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 1 | 63 | 1/0 | Orbit MRI | Eye Pain: 1 Vision Loss: 1 Visual field defect: 1 Optic papilledema: 1 |
Bilateral: 1 | Glucocorticoid | 1 |
| Scleroderma | 1 | 72 | 0/1 | Orbit MRI | Eye Pain: 1 Vision Loss: 1 Visual field defect: 1 Optic papilledema: 1 |
Unilateral: 1 | Glucocorticoid | 1 |
| Behcet's disease | 1 | 15 | 0/1 | Orbit MRI | Eye Pain: 1 Vision Loss: 1 Visual field defect: 1 Optic papilledema: 1 |
Unilateral: 1 | Glucocorticoid | 1 |
| Gout | 1 | 36 | 1/0 | Orbit MRI | Eye Pain: 0 Vision Loss:1 Visual field defect: 1 Optic papilledema: 1 |
Unilateral: 1 | Glucocorticoid | 1 |
IgG-4, Immunoglobulin G4-related disease; GAP, granulomatosis with polyangiitis; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.