Table 2.
NiCO in various scenarios.
| Topic | Study | Technology | N | Population | Primary objective | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delivery room and postnatal management | ||||||
| Katheria et al. (46) | EC | 140 | Preterm | RCT comparing Delayed Cord Clamping vs. Umbilical Cord Milking | No differences in CO measured by EC between two groups | |
| Katheria et al. (24) | EC | 20 | Term | Feasibility of EC in Delivery room | Feasible, but challenging | |
| Katheria et al. (47) | EC | 125 | Preterm | RCT comparing ventilation during Delayed Cord Clamping vs. Delayed Cord Clamping only and effects on hematocrit in the first 24 h | No differences in SV or CO measured by EC between groups | |
| Freidl et al. (25) | EC | 100 | Term | Early transition within 15 min after birth | Feasible, but challenging | |
| McCarthy et al. (26) | BR | 49 | Term | Early transition within 15 min after birth and at 2 h of life | Feasible, but challenging | |
| Transition | ||||||
| Cappelleri et al. (48) | BR | 45 | Preterm | Myocardial function during the first 48 h | CO and SV found to increase over the first 48 h of life | |
| Miletin et al. (23) | BR | 39 | Preterm | CO within the first 48 h in relation to adverse outcome | Adverse Outcome is associated with low CO in the first hours followed by high CO in the second 24 h | |
| Hsu et al. (49) | EC | 280 | Term and Preterm | Normative data > 72 h for EC derived CO, SV (as well as TFC, ICON, and SVR) | Description of EC values beyond 72 h in various age groups | |
| Patent ductus arteriosus | ||||||
| Lien et al. (50) | EC | 30 | Preterm undergoing PDA ligation | Hemodynamic changes before, during, and after PDA ligation | Significant decrease in SV and CO immediately following ligation, compared to pre-surgery baseline | |
| Katheria et al. (51) | EC | 292 | Preterm 55 treated for PDA | Prediction of PDA closure with 24 h of age | EC derived CO in the first day is not predictive for hsPDA | |
| Rodríguez Sánchez de la Blanca et al. (52) | EC | 18 | Preterm with hsPDA | Hemodynamic changes before, during, and after treatment | Significant decrease in CO 72 h after treatment | |
| Hsu et al. (53) | EC | 18 | Preterm PDA, Ibuprofen non- (9) or responders (9) | Hemodynamic effects of Ibuprofen for PDA | Non-responders had higher CO compared to responders | |
| Effects of positioning | ||||||
| Ma et al. (54) | EC | 30 | Preterm and Term | Cardiovascular response to Positioning | Decrease SV/CO in prone position compared to supine | |
| Wu et al. (55) | EC | 34 | Term | Cardiovascular response to Positioning | Decrease SV/CO in prone position compared to supine | |
| Paviotti et al. (56) | EC | 32 | Term and preterm | Cardiovascular response to Positioning | Decrease SV/CO in supine position compared to left-lateral position | |
| Hemodynamic monitoring during transport | ||||||
| Boet et al. (34) | EC | 30 | Preterm and Term | Inter-center transfer | SV monitoring during transport is feasible and reliable | |
| Hemodynamic effects of medication | ||||||
| Katheria et al. (57) | EC | 21 | Preterm | Early vs. late Caffeine | No differences in CO between groups from 2 to 24 h of age | |
| Katheria et al. (58) | EC | 36 | Preterm | Hemodynamic effects of Sodium Bicarbonate | No differences found in CO up to 80 min following administration | |
| Truong et al. (59) | EC | 35 | NICU patients | Hemodynamic effects of premedication for neonatal intubation | No differences in CO before and after premedication for intubation | |
| Effects of anemia/transfusion | ||||||
| Weaver et al. (60) | EC | 75 | Preterm anemic (35) vs. no-anemic (40) | Hemodynamic effects of RBC transfusion | Increase in CO between 0 and 120 min post transfusion. | |
| Jain et al. (61) | EC | 30 | Preterm anemia | Hemodynamic effects of RBC transfusion | No difference in CO measurements in hour pre and post transfusion | |
| Effects of HIE, TH, and rewarming | ||||||
| Wu et al. (62) | EC | 20 | Term undergoing TH for HIE | Hemodynamic effects of rewarming | CO found to increase during rewarming | |
| Eriksen et al. (63) | EC | 25 | Term 15 asphyxiated vs. 10 controls | Hemodynamic effects of early (1st 6 h) of TH and to assess the effect of low CO on lactate clearance | CO found to be reduced during TH | |
| Forman et al. (37) | BR | 20 | Term undergoing TH for HIE | Feasibility and reliability of multimodal non-invasive monitoring during TH and rewarming for HIE | CO found to increase during rewarming | |
EC, Electrical Cardiometry; BR, BioReactance; GA, Gestational Age; CO, cardiac output; SV, Stroke volume; TFC, Thoracic Fluid Content; ICON, Index of CONtractility; NICU, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit; PICU, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit; PDA, Patent Ductus Arteriosus; SVR, Systemic Vascular Resistance; TH, Therapeutic Hypothermia; HIE, Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy; RCT, Randomized Controlled Trial; RBC, Red Blood Cell.