Table 5.

Effects of traditional cigarette and e-cigarette tax rates on smoking and vaping outcomes among adults using a two-way fixed effects model among adults ≥ 40 years: Combined BRFSS and NHIS data, 2011–2018

Outcome:	Current traditional cigarette use	Daily traditional cigarette use	Current e-cigarette use	Daily e-cigarette use	Current dual use	Current any use
Traditional cigarette tax rate	−0.0046** [−0.0083,−0.0010]	−0.0051*** [−0.0084,−0.0017]	−0.0012 [−0.0041,0.0017]	−0.0005 [−0.0024,0.0015]	−0.0012 [−0.0034,0.0010]	−0.0133*** [−0.0194,−0.0072]
E-cigarette tax rate	0.0022 [−0.0037,0.0081]	0.0017 [−0.0045,0.0080]	0.0028 [−0.0020,0.0077]	0.0013 [−0.0017,0.0044]	0.0032 [−0.0010,0.0074]	0.0150*** [0.0052,0.0248]
Observations	2,893,173	2,890,574	967,255	966,991	962,282	962,282
Proportion of outcome variable	0.143	0.105	0.023	0.008	0.014	0.147
Number of clusters	50	50	50	50	50	50

Notes: BRFSS = Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. NHIS = National Health Interview Survey. Each column presents partial results from a single regression model. The unit of observation is an individual in a county in a year. Data are weighted to make the number of observations for each state, year, gender, race/ethnicity, and five-year age band cohort be proportionate to its national population share. Models are estimated with a linear probability model and control for locality-level and individual-level variables reported in Table 1, county fixed effects, and quarter-by-year fixed effects. 95% confidence intervals account for within-state correlations and are reported in square brackets.

^***= statistically different from zero at the 1% level

^**= statistically different from zero at the 5% level

^*= statistically different from zero at the 10% level