Table 2.

Autoantibodies detected in patients with COVID-19

Autoantibodies	Clinical significance	Refs.
ANA	Poor prognosis and a significant higher respiratory rate	[14]
APL	Poor prognosis and a significant higher respiratory ratePossible association with a hyperinflammatory state and thrombosis and thromboembolism	[14,52▪]
Lupus anticoagulant	A higher rate of thrombosis	[51▪]
Cold agglutinins	Haemolytic anaemia.Complicating laboratory assessment and renal replacement therapy	[55,58]
Anti-Ro/SSA antibodies	Possible association with severe pneumonia	[56]
Anti-Caspr2 antibody	Unclear	[54▪]
Anti-GD1b antibody	Unclear	[54▪]
Anti-MOG antibody	Unclear	[53]
Red cell bound antibodies	Associated with the severity of anaemia	[57]